AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Devolution Flashcards

Study Notes

Devolution Overview

Devolution refers to the transfer of power from central governments to regional authorities within a state.

Causes of Devolution

Changes to a constitution can prompt devolution.
New experimental governmental bodies may lead to devolution processes.
Internal divisions based on factors like ethnicity, economy, or geography can cause devolution.

Ethnocultural Devolution

Ethnocultural devolution occurs due to differences in ethnicity, language, religion, or culture within a state.

Examples of Ethnocultural Devolution

Czechoslovakia split into Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Lithuania and Ukraine severed ties with Russia.
Conflict between Hindu and Buddhist communities in Sri Lanka contributed to devolution.
Establishment of Irish and Scottish Parliaments reflects ethnocultural divisions.

Outcomes of Ethnocultural Devolution

Formation of independent states can arise from ethnocultural movements.
There may be increased calls for regional autonomy.

Economic Devolution

Economic devolution results from disparities in economic conditions or benefits across different regions.

Examples of Economic Devolution

Catalonia seeks independence due to its significant economic contribution to Spain.
Sardinia in Italy shows economic motivations for independence.
Padania in northern Italy has pushed for separation from the economically weaker Mezzogiorno region.
Several regions in Brazil, like Rio Grande do Sul, advocate for independence on economic grounds.

Territorial/Spatial Devolution

Territorial devolution is driven by geographic factors, such as distance or isolation from the central government.

Examples of Territorial Devolution

Islands often undergo territorial devolution like Sardinia (Italy) and Corsica (France).
Taiwan has a contested status with China.
Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S. reflects territorial tensions.
Various islands like Zanzibar (Tanzania) and East Timor (China) have unique devolution issues.

Saul Cohen's Insights on Hawaii

Cohen argues that Hawaii lacks the necessary political influence, resources, or population to secede from the U.S. but could serve as a strategic link between Asia and the U.S.

Interconnection of Devolution Types

Devolution often occurs at the peripheries of states, driven by a strong sense of ethnocultural or economic differentiation.
Conflicting territorial senses can lead to significant unrest and explosive results in devolutionary movements.

Description

Explore the key concepts of devolution in Chapter 8 of AP Human Geography. This set of flashcards covers definitions, causes, and types of devolution, providing a handy study tool for students. Test your understanding and prepare for your exam effectively.