Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the Rust Belt?
What is the Rust Belt?
Parts of the northeastern and Midwestern US characterized by declining industry, aging factories, and a falling population.
What does the term Electorate refer to?
What does the term Electorate refer to?
All of the people entitled to vote in a given election.
Define Mandate in the context of government.
Define Mandate in the context of government.
Requirements that direct states and local governments to provide additional services under the threat of penalties or as a condition of the receipt of federal grant money.
What are Superdelegates?
What are Superdelegates?
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What is Prospective Judgment?
What is Prospective Judgment?
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What does Retrospective Judgment mean?
What does Retrospective Judgment mean?
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What are Primaries?
What are Primaries?
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What is a Runoff Primary?
What is a Runoff Primary?
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Define Crossover Voting.
Define Crossover Voting.
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What is Raiding in the context of elections?
What is Raiding in the context of elections?
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What is the difference between Open and Closed Primaries?
What is the difference between Open and Closed Primaries?
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What is a Nonpartisan Primary?
What is a Nonpartisan Primary?
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Define General Election.
Define General Election.
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What is an Initiative?
What is an Initiative?
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What does Referendum mean?
What does Referendum mean?
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What is Recall?
What is Recall?
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What is a Winner-take-all Primary?
What is a Winner-take-all Primary?
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Define Proportional Representation Primary.
Define Proportional Representation Primary.
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What is a Caucus?
What is a Caucus?
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What is the significance of Iowa and New Hampshire in elections?
What is the significance of Iowa and New Hampshire in elections?
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What are Regional Primaries?
What are Regional Primaries?
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What do the terms 'smoke filled rooms' and 'dark horses' refer to?
What do the terms 'smoke filled rooms' and 'dark horses' refer to?
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What is 'Super Tuesday'?
What is 'Super Tuesday'?
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Define Invisible Primary.
Define Invisible Primary.
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What is Front-loading in elections?
What is Front-loading in elections?
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What are Delegates?
What are Delegates?
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Who are Electors?
Who are Electors?
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What is Realignment?
What is Realignment?
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Define Critical Election.
Define Critical Election.
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What does Secular Realignment mean?
What does Secular Realignment mean?
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What are Constituent Services?
What are Constituent Services?
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What are Incumbency Advantages?
What are Incumbency Advantages?
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Define Reapportionment.
Define Reapportionment.
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What is Gerrymandering?
What is Gerrymandering?
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What does the 12th Amendment require?
What does the 12th Amendment require?
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What is Motor-voter legislation?
What is Motor-voter legislation?
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What does the McCain-Feingold law limit?
What does the McCain-Feingold law limit?
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What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
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Study Notes
Political Terms and Concepts
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The Rust Belt: Regions in the northeastern and Midwestern US marked by industrial decline, aging factories, and decreasing population.
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Electorate: The collective group of individuals eligible to vote in elections.
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Mandate: Federal requirements compelling state and local governments to provide services, often tied to federal funding.
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Superdelegates: Party leaders and officials who can attend the national convention without winning a primary.
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Prospective Judgment: Voter assessment of a candidate based on their future promises and proposed policies.
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Retrospective Judgment: Voter assessment of a candidate based on their past performance and actions.
Election Process Components
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Primaries: Pre-general election elections where party members select their nominee.
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Runoff Primary: A secondary election occurring when no candidate achieves a majority in the first primary.
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Crossover Voting: Members of one political party voting for a candidate in another party's primary.
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Raiding: Coordinated efforts by voters of one party to influence another party's primary outcome.
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Open vs. Closed Primaries: Open primaries allow any registered voter to participate; closed primaries restrict voting to registered party members only.
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Nonpartisan Primary: An election where political parties do not influence the process, often seen in local elections.
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General Election: The election to determine which candidate will assume office.
Direct Democracy Mechanisms
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Initiative: A process enabling citizens to propose legislation for the ballot, requiring signatures for qualification.
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Referendum: A method allowing voters to approve or reject proposed legislation or constitutional amendments at the state level.
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Recall: A procedure enabling voters to remove an elected official from office before the end of their term.
Delegate and Primary Types
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Winner-Take-All Primary: The candidate obtaining the most votes secures all delegates from that state.
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Proportional Representation Primary: Seats are allocated to parties based on the percentage of votes received.
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Caucus: A local gathering for party members to select officials or candidates and establish party platforms.
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Iowa & New Hampshire: First states to hold caucus and primary, respectively, setting the tone for the election cycle.
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Regional Primaries: Proposed reform for conducting primaries within geographic regions to streamline the electoral process.
Campaign Dynamics
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Smoke-Filled Rooms & Dark Horses: Refers to secretive political negotiations; "dark horses" are unexpected candidates who achieve nominations.
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Super Tuesday: A significant day when multiple states conduct their primary elections.
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Invisible Primary: Early fundraising and campaign efforts occurring before formal announcements of candidacy.
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Front-Loading: The trend of states scheduling their primaries earlier to increase their political impact.
Electoral Mechanics and Laws
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Delegates: Individuals selected to represent a specific group at national conventions.
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Electors: Individuals elected to cast votes in the Electoral College during presidential elections.
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Realignment: A shift in party allegiance among a significant voter group, resulting in long-term political changes.
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Critical Election: An election marked by notable shifts in voter loyalty and party alignment.
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Secular Realignment: A gradual reshaping of party coalitions due to demographic changes rather than political crises.
Congressional Factors
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Constituent Services: Assistance provided by Congress members to address local concerns and support constituents.
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Incumbency Advantages: Benefits enjoyed by current officeholders, including name recognition and media access.
Redistricting and Voting Legislation
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Reapportionment: Adjusting representation based on population shifts, ensuring districts have balanced populations.
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Gerrymandering: Manipulation of district boundaries to favor a specific party or group.
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12th Amendment: Establishes separate electoral ballots for the President and Vice President.
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Motor-Voter Law: Mandates voter registration at the same time as obtaining a driver's license.
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McCain-Feingold Act: Legislation limiting soft money contributions to political parties.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965: Landmark legislation eliminating discriminatory voting practices, ensuring African American voting rights.
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Description
Test your knowledge with flashcards from AP Government Chapter 13. This set covers key terms such as the Rust Belt, Electorate, and Mandate, essential for understanding the political landscape in the United States. Perfect for exam preparation or quick reviews!