AP Chemistry Unit 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is chemistry?

  • The scientific discipline that treats the composition, properties, and transformations of matter. (correct)
  • A branch of physics.
  • The art of cooking.
  • The study of biological organisms.

    • What is matter?

    Anything that occupies space and has mass.

    Define property in terms of chemistry.

    A characteristic that gives a sample of matter its unique identity.

    What is an element?

    <p>A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an atom?

    <p>The smallest representative particle of an element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define molecule.

    <p>A chemical combination of two or more atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the states of matter?

    <p>Solid, liquid, and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gas?

    <p>Matter that has no fixed volume or shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define liquid.

    <p>Matter that has a distinct volume but no specific shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a solid?

    <p>Matter that has both a definite shape and a definite volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pure substance?

    <p>Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define compound.

    <p>A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mixture?

    <p>A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the law of constant composition.

    <p>A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same, regardless of its source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>A mixture which does not have the same composition, properties, and appearance throughout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define homogeneous mixture.

    <p>A mixture which has uniform composition, properties, and appearance throughout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a solution?

    <p>A mixture of substances that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are physical properties?

    <p>Properties that can be measured without changing the composition of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define chemical properties.

    <p>Properties that describe a substance's composition and its reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an intensive property?

    <p>A property that is independent of the amount of material considered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define extensive property.

    <p>A property that depends on the amount of material considered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physical change?

    <p>Changes that occur with no change in chemical composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define changes of state.

    <p>Transformations of matter from one state to a different one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical reaction?

    <p>Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are SI units?

    <p>The preferred metric units for use in science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define mass in scientific terms.

    <p>A measure of the amount of material in an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is temperature?

    <p>The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Celsius scale?

    <p>A temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees at sea level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the Kelvin scale.

    <p>The absolute temperature scale; the SI unit for temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absolute zero?

    <p>The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that can be reached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define density.

    <p>The ratio of an object's mass to its volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is precision in measurement?

    <p>The closeness of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define accuracy.

    <p>A measure of how closely individual measurements agree with the correct value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are significant figures?

    <p>The digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemistry Overview

    • Chemistry studies the composition, properties, and transformations of matter.
    • Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.

    Properties of Matter

    • A property is a characteristic that gives unique identity to a sample of matter.
    • Elements cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

    Atomic and Molecular Structure

    • Atoms are the smallest representative particles of elements.
    • Molecules consist of two or more atoms chemically combined.

    States of Matter

    • Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
    • Gases have no fixed volume or shape; they occupy the shape and volume of their container.
    • Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
    • Solids have both a definite shape and definite volume.

    Types of Substances

    • Pure substances have a fixed composition and distinct properties.
    • Compounds are made of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.
    • Mixtures consist of two or more substances that retain their individual identities.

    Mixture Classifications

    • Heterogeneous mixtures have varying composition and properties throughout.
    • Homogeneous mixtures, or solutions, have a uniform composition and appearance.

    Composition Laws

    • The Law of Constant Composition states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same.

    Properties of Substances

    • Physical properties can be measured without altering the substance, such as color and freezing point.
    • Chemical properties describe how substances react and change into other substances.

    Intensive vs. Extensive Properties

    • Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of material, e.g., density.
    • Extensive properties depend on the amount of material, such as mass and volume.

    Changes in Matter

    • Physical changes occur without changing the chemical composition, e.g., phase changes.
    • Changes of state involve transformations between solid, liquid, and gas.
    • Chemical reactions convert one or more substances into different substances.

    Measurements in Chemistry

    • SI units are standard metric units used in science, including kilograms, meters, seconds, kelvins, moles, amperes, and candelas.
    • Mass measures the amount of material in an object, with SI units measured in kilograms.
    • Temperature indicates molecular activity, measured on Celsius and Kelvin scales.

    Temperature Scales

    • Celsius scale: water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
    • Kelvin scale is the absolute temperature scale, starting from absolute zero (0 K).

    Density and Measurement Quality

    • Density is the ratio of mass to volume.
    • Precision refers to the closeness of agreement among several measurements.
    • Accuracy measures how closely measurements agree with the correct value.

    Significant Figures

    • Significant figures indicate the precision of a measurement, including all the digits that carry meaning contributing to its measurement accuracy.

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    Description

    Enhance your understanding of the key terms in AP Chemistry Unit 1 with these flashcards. Each card features a critical concept, including chemistry, matter, properties, and elements, designed to help you master the foundational knowledge necessary for the course.

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