AP Chemistry Unit 1 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is chemistry?

The scientific discipline that treats the composition, properties, and transformations of matter. (correct)

A branch of physics.

The art of cooking.

The study of biological organisms.

What is matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Define property in terms of chemistry.

A characteristic that gives a sample of matter its unique identity.

What is an element?

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. Signup and view all the answers

What is an atom?

The smallest representative particle of an element. Signup and view all the answers

Define molecule.

A chemical combination of two or more atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What are the states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas. Signup and view all the answers

What is gas?

Matter that has no fixed volume or shape. Signup and view all the answers

Define liquid.

Matter that has a distinct volume but no specific shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is a solid?

Matter that has both a definite shape and a definite volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pure substance?

Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties. Signup and view all the answers

Define compound.

A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity. Signup and view all the answers

Define the law of constant composition.

A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same, regardless of its source. Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture which does not have the same composition, properties, and appearance throughout. Signup and view all the answers

Define homogeneous mixture.

A mixture which has uniform composition, properties, and appearance throughout. Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution?

A mixture of substances that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture. Signup and view all the answers

What are physical properties?

Properties that can be measured without changing the composition of a substance. Signup and view all the answers

Define chemical properties.

Properties that describe a substance's composition and its reactivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is an intensive property?

A property that is independent of the amount of material considered. Signup and view all the answers

Define extensive property.

A property that depends on the amount of material considered. Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical change?

Changes that occur with no change in chemical composition. Signup and view all the answers

Define changes of state.

Transformations of matter from one state to a different one. Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical reaction?

Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances. Signup and view all the answers

What are SI units?

The preferred metric units for use in science. Signup and view all the answers

Define mass in scientific terms.

A measure of the amount of material in an object. Signup and view all the answers

What is temperature?

The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Celsius scale?

A temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees at sea level. Signup and view all the answers

Define the Kelvin scale.

The absolute temperature scale; the SI unit for temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is absolute zero?

The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that can be reached. Signup and view all the answers

Define density.

The ratio of an object's mass to its volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is precision in measurement?

The closeness of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity. Signup and view all the answers

Define accuracy.

A measure of how closely individual measurements agree with the correct value. Signup and view all the answers

What are significant figures?

The digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry Overview

Chemistry studies the composition, properties, and transformations of matter.
Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.

Properties of Matter

A property is a characteristic that gives unique identity to a sample of matter.
Elements cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

Atomic and Molecular Structure

Atoms are the smallest representative particles of elements.
Molecules consist of two or more atoms chemically combined.

States of Matter

Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
Gases have no fixed volume or shape; they occupy the shape and volume of their container.
Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
Solids have both a definite shape and definite volume.

Types of Substances

Pure substances have a fixed composition and distinct properties.
Compounds are made of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions.
Mixtures consist of two or more substances that retain their individual identities.

Mixture Classifications

Heterogeneous mixtures have varying composition and properties throughout.
Homogeneous mixtures, or solutions, have a uniform composition and appearance.

Composition Laws

The Law of Constant Composition states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same.

Properties of Substances

Physical properties can be measured without altering the substance, such as color and freezing point.
Chemical properties describe how substances react and change into other substances.

Intensive vs. Extensive Properties

Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of material, e.g., density.
Extensive properties depend on the amount of material, such as mass and volume.

Changes in Matter

Physical changes occur without changing the chemical composition, e.g., phase changes.
Changes of state involve transformations between solid, liquid, and gas.
Chemical reactions convert one or more substances into different substances.

Measurements in Chemistry

SI units are standard metric units used in science, including kilograms, meters, seconds, kelvins, moles, amperes, and candelas.
Mass measures the amount of material in an object, with SI units measured in kilograms.
Temperature indicates molecular activity, measured on Celsius and Kelvin scales.

Temperature Scales

Celsius scale: water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
Kelvin scale is the absolute temperature scale, starting from absolute zero (0 K).

Density and Measurement Quality

Density is the ratio of mass to volume.
Precision refers to the closeness of agreement among several measurements.
Accuracy measures how closely measurements agree with the correct value.

Significant Figures

Significant figures indicate the precision of a measurement, including all the digits that carry meaning contributing to its measurement accuracy.

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Description

Enhance your understanding of the key terms in AP Chemistry Unit 1 with these flashcards. Each card features a critical concept, including chemistry, matter, properties, and elements, designed to help you master the foundational knowledge necessary for the course.