AP Chemistry Chapter 5 - Thermodynamics Flashcards

Study Notes

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy (Ek) is calculated using the formula Ek = 1/2mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.

Change in Internal Energy

The change in internal energy (ΔE) is determined by the formula ΔE = Efinal - Einitial, indicating the difference between final and initial energy states.

First Law of Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy (ΔE) is the sum of heat exchanged (q) and work done (w), expressed as ΔE = q + w.

Pressure-Volume Work

Pressure-volume work can be described by the equation w = -P ΔV, where P is pressure and ΔV is the change in volume.

Enthalpy Change at Constant Pressure

Enthalpy change (ΔH) at constant pressure is equivalent to the heat exchanged, represented as ΔH = q.

Heat Gained or Lost (Calorimetric Thermochemistry)

The heat gained or lost in calorimetry can be calculated using q = Cs x m x ΔT, where Cs is specific heat, m is mass, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Standard Enthalpy Change of a Reaction (Hess's Law)

The standard enthalpy change (ΔH°rxn) for a reaction can be calculated with Hess's Law: ΔH°rxn = ∑nΔH°f (products) - ∑mΔH°f (reactants).

Electrical Potential Energy

Electrical potential energy (Eel) between two charges is given by Eel = (K x Q1 x Q2)/d, where K is the Coulomb's constant, Q1 and Q2 are the charges, and d is the distance between them.

Calorie to Joule Conversion Factor

Energy conversion between calories and joules is defined by 1 calorie = 4.184 J.

Specific Heat of Liquid Water

The specific heat of liquid water is 1 calorie/g·°C, equivalent to 4.184 J/g·°C.

Heat of Fusion

The heat of fusion is calculated using q = m x ΔHfus, where m is mass and ΔHfus is the enthalpy of fusion.

Heat of Vaporization

The heat of vaporization can be expressed as q = m x ΔHvap, with ΔHvap being the enthalpy of vaporization.

Heat of Solution

The heat of solution can be evaluated with qsoln = Cs (of solution) x m (of solution) x ΔT = -qrxn, indicating the relationship between heat gained/lost and reaction heat.

Heat of Reaction

The heat of reaction (qrxn) is determined by qrxn = -Ccal x ΔT, where Ccal is the calorimeter's heat capacity and ΔT is the temperature change.

Description

Test your understanding of thermodynamics in AP Chemistry with these flashcards. Each card covers essential formulas and concepts, including kinetic energy, internal energy changes, and the first law of thermodynamics. Perfect for quick reviews and exam preparation!