A&P Chapter 8 Joints and Movement Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the articulations commonly named according to?

The bones or portions of bones that join together.

What connects bones to bones?

Ligaments

What is the term for non-movable joints?

Synarthroses

What is the term for slightly movable joints?

Amphiarthroses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for freely movable joints?

Diarthroses Signup and view all the answers

What are the three classifications of joints?

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Signup and view all the answers

What unites fibrous joints?

Fibrous connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses Signup and view all the answers

What are suture joints?

Joints that are seams between the bones of the skull. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sutural ligament?

Two layers of periosteum plus the dense fibrous connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fontanel?

A membranous area in newborns that allows change in shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is synostosis?

The result of two bones growing together across a joint. Signup and view all the answers

What are syndesmoses?

Fibrous joints where bones are joined by ligaments. Signup and view all the answers

What are gomphoses?

Specialized joints consisting of pegs that fit into sockets. Signup and view all the answers

What do cartilaginous joints unite with?

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage Signup and view all the answers

What are synchondroses?

Two bones joined by hyaline cartilage with little or no movement. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage do synchondroses use?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of synchondroses?

Epiphyseal plate, sternocostal Signup and view all the answers

What are symphyses?

Fibrocartilage uniting two bones, allowing more flexible nature. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage do symphyses use?

Fibrocartilage Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of symphyses?

Symphyses pubis, intervertebral disks Signup and view all the answers

What do synovial joints contain?

Synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of synovial joints?

Bones of the appendicular skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What covers bones in synovial joints?

Articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What does the joint cavity enclose?

Articular surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the joint cavity?

Joint capsule Signup and view all the answers

What does the joint capsule consist of?

Fibrous capsule and synovial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What does the fibrous capsule consist of?

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the synovial membrane?

The inner portion of the joint capsule that is thin. Signup and view all the answers

What is synovial fluid?

A complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, fat, and cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is proprioception?

The ability to know the position of joints. Signup and view all the answers

What are bursae?

Synovial membrane extensions that are pockets or sacs filled with fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What are articular disks?

A flat plate or pad of fibrocartilage in some synovial joints. Signup and view all the answers

What are menisci?

Fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee. Signup and view all the answers

What are tendon sheaths?

Synovial sacs that surround tendons near or over bones. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joints Overview

Joints, or articulations, are classified based on the bones or portions of bones that connect.
Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that link bones to other bones.

Types of Movable Joints

Synarthroses: Non-movable joints.
Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints.
Diarthroses: Freely movable joints.

Joint Classifications

Three main classifications of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.

Fibrous Joints

Composed of two bones joined by fibrous connective tissue without a joint cavity.
Typically, have little or no movement.
Types of fibrous joints include:
- Sutures: Seams between skull bones.
- Syndesmoses: Bones are joined by ligaments and maintain some movement (e.g., radioulnar joint).
- Gomphoses: Specialized joints between teeth and sockets, secured by collagenous connective tissue.

Cartilaginous Joints

Unite two bones using hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Synchondroses: Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage and allow little or no movement (e.g., epiphyseal plate, sternocostal joints).
Symphyses: Fibrocartilage connects two bones, providing more flexibility (e.g., pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks).

Synovial Joints

Characterized by synovial fluid; allow considerable movement, primarily in the appendicular skeleton.
Articular cartilage covers the bones in synovial joints and lacks blood vessels and nerves.
The joint cavity encloses the articular surfaces of the bones.
The joint capsule is made up of:
- Fibrous capsule: Dense connective tissue forming the outer layer.
- Synovial membrane: Inner thin layer that secretes synovial fluid.

Synovial Joint Components

Synovial fluid: A complex mixture that reduces friction and nourishes the joint (contains hyaluronic acid).
Proprioception: Sensory nerves in joint capsules inform the brain about the joint's position.
Bursae: Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction in certain synovial joints (e.g., shoulder, knee).
Articular disks: Flat pads of fibrocartilage between articular cartilage of bones.
Menisci: Specific fibrocartilaginous structures found in the knee.
Tendon sheaths: Synovial sacs surrounding tendons near or over bones for protection and movement enhancement.

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Description

Test your knowledge of joints and movement with these flashcards from Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 8. Learn about different types of joints, ligaments, and their movements for a deeper understanding of human anatomy.