Questions and Answers
What are the articulations commonly named according to?
The bones or portions of bones that join together.
What connects bones to bones?
Ligaments
What is the term for non-movable joints?
Synarthroses
What is the term for slightly movable joints?
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What is the term for freely movable joints?
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What are the three classifications of joints?
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What unites fibrous joints?
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What are the three types of fibrous joints?
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What are suture joints?
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What is a sutural ligament?
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What is a fontanel?
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What is synostosis?
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What are syndesmoses?
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What are gomphoses?
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What do cartilaginous joints unite with?
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What are synchondroses?
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What type of cartilage do synchondroses use?
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What are examples of synchondroses?
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What are symphyses?
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What type of cartilage do symphyses use?
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What are examples of symphyses?
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What do synovial joints contain?
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What are examples of synovial joints?
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What covers bones in synovial joints?
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What does the joint cavity enclose?
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What surrounds the joint cavity?
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What does the joint capsule consist of?
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What does the fibrous capsule consist of?
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What is the synovial membrane?
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What is synovial fluid?
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What is proprioception?
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What are bursae?
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What are articular disks?
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What are menisci?
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What are tendon sheaths?
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Study Notes
Joints Overview
- Joints, or articulations, are classified based on the bones or portions of bones that connect.
- Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that link bones to other bones.
Types of Movable Joints
- Synarthroses: Non-movable joints.
- Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints.
- Diarthroses: Freely movable joints.
Joint Classifications
- Three main classifications of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
Fibrous Joints
- Composed of two bones joined by fibrous connective tissue without a joint cavity.
- Typically, have little or no movement.
- Types of fibrous joints include:
- Sutures: Seams between skull bones.
- Syndesmoses: Bones are joined by ligaments and maintain some movement (e.g., radioulnar joint).
- Gomphoses: Specialized joints between teeth and sockets, secured by collagenous connective tissue.
Cartilaginous Joints
- Unite two bones using hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
- Synchondroses: Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage and allow little or no movement (e.g., epiphyseal plate, sternocostal joints).
- Symphyses: Fibrocartilage connects two bones, providing more flexibility (e.g., pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks).
Synovial Joints
- Characterized by synovial fluid; allow considerable movement, primarily in the appendicular skeleton.
- Articular cartilage covers the bones in synovial joints and lacks blood vessels and nerves.
- The joint cavity encloses the articular surfaces of the bones.
- The joint capsule is made up of:
- Fibrous capsule: Dense connective tissue forming the outer layer.
- Synovial membrane: Inner thin layer that secretes synovial fluid.
Synovial Joint Components
- Synovial fluid: A complex mixture that reduces friction and nourishes the joint (contains hyaluronic acid).
- Proprioception: Sensory nerves in joint capsules inform the brain about the joint's position.
- Bursae: Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction in certain synovial joints (e.g., shoulder, knee).
- Articular disks: Flat pads of fibrocartilage between articular cartilage of bones.
- Menisci: Specific fibrocartilaginous structures found in the knee.
- Tendon sheaths: Synovial sacs surrounding tendons near or over bones for protection and movement enhancement.
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Description
Test your knowledge of joints and movement with these flashcards from Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 8. Learn about different types of joints, ligaments, and their movements for a deeper understanding of human anatomy.