AP Biology Chapter 5: Macromolecules Flashcards

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.

<p>A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, which changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical process that lyses molecules by the addition of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sugar (monosaccharide) or its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The simplest carbohydrate that can exist alone or serve as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting of glucose monomers joined by glycosidic linkages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structural polysaccharide consisting of amino sugar monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unsaturated fat containing one or more trans double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipid made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A functional biological molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The localized, repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A spiral shape constituting one form of secondary structure of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which polypeptide chains lie parallel to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong covalent bonds formed between sulfur atoms of cysteine monomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process in which a protein unravels and loses its native shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A technique that depends on the diffraction of an X-ray beam by individual atoms of a crystallized molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers that serves as a blueprint for proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule with a deoxyribose sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers in a chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The building block of a nucleic acid consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of two types of nitrogenous bases characterized by a fused ring structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of two types of nitrogenous bases characterized by a six-membered ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sugar component of RNA nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sugar component of DNA nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenine (A) and guanine (G).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).</p> Signup and view all the answers