A&P 2 Lab Practical Final Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Label the structures of the upper respiratory system.

Structures include nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree.

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

Diaphragm

Place the following structures of the respiratory zone in the order that air would flow into the lungs: ______.

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the bronchial tree.

<p>Trachea, main bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, smaller bronchi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Opening of auditory tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the photomicrogram of the lung.

<p>Alveoli, bronchioles, pulmonary capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Put the following structures of the lower respiratory tract in order from proximal to distal: ______.

<p>Trachea, main bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label these structures of the upper respiratory system.

<p>Nasal cavity, palatine tonsils, pharynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the anterior view of the larynx based on the hints if provided.

<p>Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place the following words in order to show the pathway oxygen will diffuse across the respiratory membrane: ______.

<p>Alveolar sac, alveolar duct, respiratory bronchiole, pulmonary capillary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the anterior view of the lower respiratory tract based on the hints if provided.

<p>Trachea, main bronchi, diaphragm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the photomicrogram of the lung.

<p>Alveolar sacs and capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pharynx is a shared region between which two body systems?

<p>Respiratory and digestive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The vestibular and vocal folds are found in the...

<p>Larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Terminal bronchioles divide into (in the correct order)...

<p>Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The respiratory membrane, across which gas exchange occurs, is formed by the wall of the respiratory bronchiole and the pulmonary capillary.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory tract?

<p>Pharynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the photomicrogram of the trachea.

<p>Cartilage rings, epithelial lining, soft tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Hard palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Left main bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Respiratory)

<p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Digestion begins in the...

<p>Mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bile from the liver and digestive juices from the pancreas enter which section of the small intestine?

<p>Duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

<p>Production of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not secreted by the stomach to aid in digestion?

<p>Bile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During digestion, the major site of nutrient absorption is the...

<p>Small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the stomach is continuous with the esophagus?

<p>Cardiac region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell of the gastric glands produces pepsinogen?

<p>Chief cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Urinary)

<p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place the following parts of the kidney in order of urine flow: ______.

<p>Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Urinary)

<p>Ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the internal anatomy of the kidney using the hints provided.

<p>Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Urinary)

<p>Distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Urinary)

<p>Pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of the urinary system?

<p>Removal of waste and regulation of water and electrolyte balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood vessels and the renal calices are located in the...

<p>Renal sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The renal cortex is more superficial than the renal medulla.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective name for the layers of muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?

<p>The detrusor muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Urinary)

<p>Renal pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence for parts of the renal tubule? ______.

<p>Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cortical nephrons can be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons by.

<p>Their location within the renal cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The juxtaglomerular apparatus monitors blood sodium concentration and adjusts glomerular filtration volume.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Urinary)

<p>Fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urine is formed in the...

<p>Nephron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the processes in urine formation?

<p>Tubular secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of glomerular filtrate becomes urine?

<p>1%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most of the water in tubular fluid is resorbed in the...

<p>Proximal convoluted tubule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances...

<p>From capillary blood to tubular fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Urinary)

<p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is highlighted? (Reproductive)

<p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce testosterone?

<p>Interstitial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sperm are produced in the testes each day?

<p>60 million.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which duct(s) of the male reproductive system passes through the prostate gland?

<p>Ejaculatory ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the penis has the external urethral orifice?

<p>Glans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accessory reproductive gland in the male?

<p>Prostate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fill in the sentences with the correct part of the male reproductive tract. Then place the sentences in order to describe the flow of sperm: ______.

<p>Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the reproductive structures of the female pelvis using the hints provided.

<p>Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cells are formed in meiosis?

<ol start="4"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Upper Respiratory System Structures

  • The upper respiratory system includes key structures such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
  • The highlighted diaphragm is crucial for breathing as it contracts and flatters to allow air into the lungs.

Respiratory Zone Structures

  • Air enters the lungs through a specific pathway: terminal bronchioles → respiratory bronchioles → alveolar ducts → alveolar sacs.
  • Proper labeling of the bronchial tree is essential for understanding the branching structure involved in air passage.

Pharynx and Larynx

  • The pharynx serves as a shared region for the respiratory and digestive systems, facilitating air and food passage.
  • Vocal and vestibular folds are found within the larynx, playing roles in sound production and airway protection.

Respiratory Tract Structures

  • Key lower respiratory tract structures need to be ordered from proximal to distal: trachea → main bronchi → smaller bronchi → bronchioles.
  • The respiratory membrane, where gas exchange occurs, is formed by the alveolar epithelium and the pulmonary capillary endothelium.

Gas Exchange Mechanism

  • It's important to understand the pathway for oxygen diffusion across the respiratory membrane, essential for effective respiration.
  • The statement regarding the formation of the respiratory membrane needing correction, emphasizing the roles of both bronchioles and capillaries.

Digestive System Overview

  • Digestion begins in the mouth, transitioning into the stomach and small intestine, with the latter serving as the primary site for nutrient absorption.
  • Bile from the liver and pancreatic juices enter the duodenum, aiding in digestion.

Stomach Functions and Structure

  • The stomach is located in the left upper quadrant and plays critical roles in both chemical and mechanical digestion.
  • The layers of the stomach wall are arranged as follows: serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa, essential for digestive processes.

Urinary System Insight

  • The urinary system's main functions involve waste removal and the regulation of water and electrolyte balance.
  • The renal corpuscle and renal tubule are the two vital components of a nephron, where filtration and urine formation occur.

Urinary System Structures

  • Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, and urine moves through the nephron's tubule system.
  • Urine formation involves processes like glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

Reproductive System Basics

  • Testes produce approximately 60 million sperm daily, predominantly occurring in the seminiferous tubules.
  • Testosterone production is facilitated by interstitial cells, playing a key role in male reproductive function.

Key Male Reproductive Structures

  • Important male reproductive structures include the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts, critical for sperm transport.
  • The glans of the penis houses the external urethral orifice, which is essential for urination and ejaculation.

Meiosis in Reproduction

  • Meiosis produces four genetically unique cells, vital for sexual reproduction, and contributes to genetic diversity.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the respiratory system with these flashcards. This quiz covers labeling structures of the upper respiratory system, identifying key components like the diaphragm and pharynx, and understanding the flow of air in the respiratory zone.

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