lab 7 - respiratory system

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of alveolar cells?

To transport oxygen
To provide structural support
To produce mucus
To facilitate efficient gas exchange (correct)

The alveolar ventilation rate accounts for 100% of the air that reaches the lungs.

False (B)

What is the formula for calculating minute volume?

Minute Volume = Tidal Volume × Ventilation Rate

The amount of air that can be inspired beyond tidal volume is called ______.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the respiratory membrane allows for gas exchange?

Alveolar epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

To find the vital capacity, add tidal volume, ______, and expiratory reserve volume.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory volumes with their definitions:

Tidal Volume = Amount of air during normal quiet ventilation Expiratory Reserve Volume = Air expired beyond tidal volume Inspiratory Reserve Volume = Air inspired beyond tidal volume Vital Capacity = Total air exchanged in and out of lungs Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries do not play a role in gas exchange.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity?

To filter and moisten incoming air (A) Signup and view all the answers

The pharynx is solely responsible for transporting food to the esophagus.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure prevents food and liquid from entering the lungs during swallowing?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is the largest cartilage of the larynx and is responsible for the Adams Apple.

Thyroid Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures of the respiratory system with their function:

Goblet Cells = Secrete mucus Vocal Folds = Produce sound Alveoli = Site of gas exchange Cartilaginous Rings = Support the trachea Signup and view all the answers

How do the cartilaginous rings of the trachea contribute to its function?

They maintain the airway's structure and prevent collapse (B) Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary pleura is attached to the thoracic wall.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the part of the respiratory system where the gas exchange first occurs.

Respiratory bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is the structure that divides into two bronchi at the entrance to the lungs.

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What describes the function of the mucociliary escalator?

Moves debris to the pharynx (D) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the pathway of oxygen from the alveolus to the blood.

Oxygen moves from the alveolar epithelium to the alveolar basal lamina, then to the capillary basal lamina, and finally through the capillary endothelium into the blood. Signup and view all the answers

How is the minute volume (MV) calculated?

Minute volume is calculated by multiplying tidal volume (TV) by ventilation rate (VR). Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV).

Inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air inspired beyond tidal volume, while expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air expired beyond tidal volume. Signup and view all the answers

What role do capillaries play in the respiratory membrane?

Capillaries facilitate the exchange of gases between the blood and alveoli, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to be expelled. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure and function of the respiratory membrane.

The respiratory membrane consists of the simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus, its basal lamina, the capillary basal lamina, and the capillary endothelium, facilitating efficient gas exchange. Signup and view all the answers

What does vital capacity (VC) represent in pulmonary function testing?

Vital capacity is the total amount of air that can be exchanged in and out of the lungs, calculated as TV + IRV + ERV. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the simple squamous epithelium in alveolar cells important for gas exchange?

The simple squamous epithelium is thin, allowing for efficient gas exchange between the alveoli and blood. Signup and view all the answers

What role do the nasal conchae play in the respiratory system?

Nasal conchae cause air to swirl in the nasal cavity, helping to warm and filter the incoming air. Signup and view all the answers

How does mucus contribute to the function of the nasal cavity?

Mucus traps foreign particles and debris, which is then moved down to the nasopharynx to be swallowed or expelled. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of the epiglottis during swallowing.

The epiglottis covers the glottis to prevent food and liquids from entering the trachea and lungs during swallowing. Signup and view all the answers

What are the differences between the pulmonary pleura and parietal pleura?

The pulmonary pleura is attached directly to the lungs, while the parietal pleura is attached to the thoracic wall. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the structure and function of the trachea.

The trachea is a hollow structure supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings that provide protection and flexibility while conducting air to the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the mucociliary escalator important for respiratory health?

The mucociliary escalator helps clear mucus and trapped debris from the airways, preventing infection and maintaining clarity in the respiratory passages. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the function of vocal folds in the larynx.

Vocal folds produce sound when air passes through them, causing them to vibrate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical significance of the uvula in the respiratory system?

The uvula extends from the soft palate and helps separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity during swallowing. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the respiratory membrane with their roles:

Alveolar Epithelium = Facilitates gas exchange between alveoli and blood Capillary Endothelium = Lines the capillaries for gas exchange Basal Lamina of Alveolus = Connective tissue layer aiding in exchange Basal Lamina of Capillary = Supports endothelial cells in capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gases with their movement in the respiratory system:

O2 = Moves from lungs to blood CO2 = Moves from blood to lungs Alveolar Gas Exchange = Occurs across the respiratory membrane Capillaries = Facilitate gas exchange with alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with their characteristics:

Simple Squamous Epithelium = Enables efficient gas exchange in alveoli Network of Capillaries = Allows for efficient gas exchange from alveoli to blood Microscopic Structure of Lung Tissue = Contains alveoli and bronchioles Diagram of the Respiratory System = Shows structural components like bronchi and alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical structures with their function:

Alveoli = Primary site for gas exchange in lungs Bronchi = Branches air into lungs Trachea = Conducts air to bronchi Larynx = Contains vocal folds for sound production Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures of the upper respiratory passage with their characteristics:

Nasal cavity = Moistens, warms, filters incoming air Oral cavity = Passage for air to reach lungs Pharynx = Where air inspired through nose or mouth goes Uvula = Extends posteriorly from the hard palate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the larynx with their functions:

Epiglottis = Prevents food from entering the lungs during swallowing Thyroid cartilage = Produces external protuberance called Adams Apple Vocal folds = Produce sound Vestibular folds = Assist in closing the glottis during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of pleurae with their locations:

Pulmonary (visceral) pleura = Attached directly to the lung Parietal pleura = Attached to the thoracic wall Pleural cavity = Between the two membranes Serous fluid = Reduces friction as lungs move Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of lung histology with their corresponding features:

Mucosa = Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and lamina propria Lamina propria = Anchors epithelium to superficial layers Adventitia = Most superficial layer anchoring trachea Tracheal cartilages = Provide structure with flexibility for trachea Signup and view all the answers

The number of ventilations performed in a minute is called the ______.

ventilation rate Signup and view all the answers

The total amount of air that can be exchanged in and out of the lungs is known as ______.

vital capacity Signup and view all the answers

The thin layer where gas exchange occurs includes the alveolar epithelium, basal lamina, and the endothelium of ______.

capillary Signup and view all the answers

The amount of air inspired or expired during normal quiet breathing is referred to as ______.

tidal volume Signup and view all the answers

The percentage of air that actually reaches the exchange surfaces in the lungs is represented by the ______.

alveolar ventilation rate Signup and view all the answers

The amount of air expired beyond tidal volume is called ______.

expiratory reserve volume Signup and view all the answers

The simple squamous epithelium allows for efficient gas exchange due to its ______.

thinness Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the roof of the mouth separating the oral and nasal cavities.

hard palate Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is where air inspired through the nose or mouth goes.

pharynx Signup and view all the answers

The small openings at the end of each alveolar duct are called ______.

alveoli Signup and view all the answers

The slippery fluid secreted by the pleurae that reduces friction as the lungs move is contained in the ______.

pleural cavity Signup and view all the answers

Goblet cells in the nasal cavity are responsible for producing ______.

mucus Signup and view all the answers

The ______ bronchi are the branches that divide from the trachea as they enter the lungs.

primary Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the part of the respiratory passage that brings inhaled air into the lungs.

trachea Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Function

Warms, moistens, and filters inhaled air.

Nasal Conchae

Bony structures in the nasal cavity that swirl air to warm it.