AOTA NBCOT Exam Prep Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is defined as the independence, safety, and adequacy of clients' ability to care for themselves?

Self-care capacity

What do work readiness programs aim to do?

Identify a person's skills and interests for work readiness

Girls with Rett's syndrome commonly experience which of the following?

Decline in functional skills (correct)

Ability to talk by childhood

Independence in meals by late childhood

Ability to walk by late childhood

Which principle BEST contributes to a good IEP for a child with autism?

Focusing solely on student needs Signup and view all the answers

What does Medicare Part B cover regarding occupational therapy services?

80% of services in outpatient settings after deductible Signup and view all the answers

What does Medicare Part A cover?

Hospital services Signup and view all the answers

What assessment method would be appropriate to determine a child's difficulty with visual-receptive functions?

Observing how a child's eyes work together Signup and view all the answers

Which methods are used to assess a child's visual-cognitive functions? (Select all that apply)

BOT - Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Signup and view all the answers

What adaptive equipment is MOST APPROPRIATE for a client with a C5 spinal cord injury during feeding sessions?

A mobile arm support Signup and view all the answers

What are essential job functions defined as?

Job duties fundamental to the position Signup and view all the answers

What may reasonable accommodations include? (Select all that apply)

Facility modifications Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the U.S. Department of Labor? (Select all that apply)

Unemployment insurance benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is awareness training in driving for clients with visual attention deficits aimed at?

Improving clients' driving skills Signup and view all the answers

What strategies are suggested for clients with visual acuity impairments?

Adapting mirrors and using voice-activated GPS Signup and view all the answers

What musculature should an OTR focus on for a client who has recently undergone bilateral hip replacement?

Gluteal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What should a client with COPD do if he/she experiences shortness of breath and panics?

Rest arms on thighs and use pursed lip breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is contraindicated for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Increasing AROM Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to initiate compression therapy for a client 2 weeks post-op skin grafting with full-thickness burns?

Spandex bicycle pants Signup and view all the answers

Where on the body is Coban™ self-adherent wrap commonly used?

Smaller areas like fingers Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) when applied in mental health occupational therapy?

Social and life skills Signup and view all the answers

What does the psychodynamic approach involve in mental health occupational therapy?

Clients projecting feelings into art or activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) approach in mental health OT?

Skilled performance of activities in context Signup and view all the answers

What does the Dynamic Interactional Model focus on in mental health OT?

Multicontextual tasks and cognitive strategies Signup and view all the answers

In which practice setting is the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) completed?

Home health Signup and view all the answers

What does difficulty in seeing gray cars on a rainy day indicate?

Impaired contrast sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What does increased time to identify objects in the road and eye fatigue indicate?

Impaired ocular motor skills Signup and view all the answers

What does a tendency to drift out of a lane indicate?

Neglect or visual attention deficits Signup and view all the answers

What does difficulty seeing other road users or objects inside a tunnel indicate?

Visual acuity impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive Gower's sign and what does it indicate?

Child walks hands up legs to stand; may suggest muscular dystrophy (DMD) Signup and view all the answers

What may abdominal distention in an infant signify?

Cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What may excessive bruising (not from abuse) indicate?

Hemophilia Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Trendelenburg's sign indicate?

Hip dysplasia Signup and view all the answers

What do pain, swelling, stiffness, and sudomotor changes indicate?

Complex regional pain syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What do pain, fatigue, and tender trigger points indicate?

Fibromyalgia Signup and view all the answers

What does numbness and tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers indicate?

Carpal tunnel syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What does an area that is hypersensitive and painful to touch indicate?

Neuroma Signup and view all the answers

What does a FIM score of '3' indicate?

Moderate assistance (Mod A) Signup and view all the answers

Name the stages and characteristics of Tuckman's theory of group development.

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing Signup and view all the answers

What is an intervention strategy that modifies or adapts task tools?

The Ecology of Human Performance Model Signup and view all the answers

Movement-based activities are a strategy used in?

Sensory Integration (SI) Signup and view all the answers

Strategies to develop mastery are part of the?

Occupational Adaptation Model Signup and view all the answers

Strengthening hand muscles is part of a?

Biomechanical approach Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a client is moving his wheelchair forward by gripping the front of the pushrim?

The seat back is too high Signup and view all the answers

What are the principles of Motivational Interviewing?

Express empathy Signup and view all the answers

What does a Type III fracture of the radial head require?

Removal of fragmented bone and a cast for 3-4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What can the BOT-2 assess?

Fine and gross motor functioning affected by dyspraxia Signup and view all the answers

What does the SIPT provide information about?

Neurological functions affecting sensory integration Signup and view all the answers

What can the Sensory Profile be used to understand?

Influence of sensory problems on daily activities of a child Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes tachydysrhythmia?

Fast heart rate of 200-300 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes bradydysrhythmia?

Heartbeat less than 60 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is Donepezil and one of its side effects?

Cholinergic-modulating drug; Dizziness is a side effect Signup and view all the answers

A client with low-level (T1) spinal cord injury should be?

Independent in personal care with some homemaking assistance Signup and view all the answers

Attendant care 24 hours a day may be indicated for clients with?

Higher level spinal cord injury (C1-C4) Signup and view all the answers

What level of spinal cord injury indicates 12 hours of attendant care?

C5-C6 spinal cord injury Signup and view all the answers

What would be the primary role of the OTR when dealing with clients who have dementia?

Provide recommendations related to home modifications Signup and view all the answers

What perspective is more effective for supported employment programs?

Place-and-train Signup and view all the answers

What fatigue assessment does the National Multiple Sclerosis Society recommend?

Modified Fatigue Scale Signup and view all the answers

What does the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite measure?

Short-distance walking, hand function, and cognition Signup and view all the answers

During Type 1 CRPS, what should the treatment focus on?

Management of pain and edema along with active range of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is contraindicated during Type 1 CRPS?

PROM and progressive resistive exercises Signup and view all the answers

How should a COTA discharge a client who no longer needs services?

Alert the OTR and review documentation together Signup and view all the answers

Where is a decubitus ulcer most likely to occur on a client's body?

At a bony prominence Signup and view all the answers

TRICARE provides health coverage for?

The military Signup and view all the answers

What does the Children's Health Insurance Program provide coverage for?

Children and families who cannot qualify for Medicaid Signup and view all the answers

What does the Federal Employees Health Benefit Program provide coverage for?

Federal employees Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated for De Quervain's tenosynovitis?

Forearm-based thumb Spica splint Signup and view all the answers

What established the mandate to provide complementary paratransit services?

The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 Signup and view all the answers

What eliminated unnecessary segregation of people with disabilities?

Supreme Court's decision in Olmstead v. L.C. Signup and view all the answers

What authorized federal surface transportation programs but did not address transportation rights?

The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) Signup and view all the answers

What expanded civil rights for people with disabilities but did not mandate access to paratransit services?

The Rehabilitation Act Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of early-stage dementia?

Suspicion of misplaced items Signup and view all the answers

What are common behavioral symptoms of middle-stage dementia?

Pacing, difficulty choosing clothing, and rude language Signup and view all the answers

What can a volar antispasticity hand splint do?

Decrease soft-tissue contracture once minimal or moderate tone is inhibited Signup and view all the answers

What can a C bar splint maintain?

First web space affected by a median nerve injury Signup and view all the answers

What can a knee extension splint decrease?

Knee flexion contracture for a client with a below-the-knee amputation Signup and view all the answers

When can a boney block only be removed?

Surgically Signup and view all the answers

What strategy might an OTR recommend for caregivers of clients with Alzheimer's disease?

Engagement in activity-based interventions and daily structure Signup and view all the answers

What does the Modified Ashworth Scale measure?

Spasticity Signup and view all the answers

What does trigger point evaluation measure?

Localized soft-tissue pain Signup and view all the answers

What does the FIM measure?

ADL independence Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective intervention for a client with Huntington's disease and decreased motor planning?

Mental imagery Signup and view all the answers

Healing of the heart muscle takes how many weeks?

4 to 8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which test assesses a client's ability to visually select features that differentiate objects?

Selective attention Signup and view all the answers

What position should a custom resting hand orthosis keep the wrist and MCPs for a client with hemiplegia?

Flexion of the MCPs at 45° to 60° and slight wrist extension Signup and view all the answers

What condition leads to heart failure and inadequate oxygenation of the brain?

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Signup and view all the answers

What condition can lead to increased blood pressure and rapid heart rate?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What condition can lead to difficulties with feeding and shortness of breath?

Supraventricular tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What does job coaching provide?

Vocational evaluation to identify interests and abilities Signup and view all the answers

What does functional capacity evaluation provide?

Information about a client's physical abilities for specific job activity Signup and view all the answers

What do job site evaluations assess?

Physical demands and layout of a specific job setting Signup and view all the answers

When is prework screening done?

When a client has been offered a job Signup and view all the answers

Desensitization begins with?

The least irritating texture in the least sensitive area Signup and view all the answers

Desensitization is best used for?

Short periods of 3 to 5 minutes, five or six times per day Signup and view all the answers

If desensitization is poorly tolerated, what can be done?

Combine activity with use of a TENS unit Signup and view all the answers

What condition is most likely the cause when a client reports pain at both elbow and median nerve area?

Double crush syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Thoracic outlet syndrome involves what region?

Shoulder region Signup and view all the answers

Ulnar tunnel syndrome involves what nerve?

Ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

Cubital tunnel syndrome involves which nerve?

Ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

What does the Role Checklist assess?

The value the client places on each of 10 different roles Signup and view all the answers

What does the Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation assess?

Behaviors related to occupational performance Signup and view all the answers

What does the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills measure?

Skills and abilities in personal care Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

COPD Management

When experiencing shortness of breath and panic, clients should rest their arms on their thighs, which releases the diaphragm for easier breathing.
Pursed lip breathing is beneficial for slowing breathing and reducing anxiety.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Increasing Active Range of Motion (AROM) is contraindicated.

Compression Therapy Post-Surgery

Spandex bicycle pants can initiate compression therapy for clients two weeks post-op skin grafting on thighs, providing gentle pressure without shear.
Custom-made Jobst garments are suitable in later stages.
Thigh-high TED stockings are contraindicated due to potential shear.

Coban™ Wrap Usage

Commonly used on smaller body areas, such as fingers.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

In Mental Health Occupational Therapy, CBT focuses on improving social and life skills through observational learning and modeling.

Psychodynamic Approach

Involves clients expressing unacknowledged feelings through artistic activities, facilitating emotional expression.

MOHO Approach

Emphasizes skilled performance of activities within a contextual framework.

Dynamic Interactional Model

Concentrates on tasks with environmental conditions that resonate with clients and applies cognitive strategies for skill transfer across contexts.

OASIS in Home Health

The Outcome and Assessment Information Set is used to identify payers for services in home health settings.

Visual Sensitivity Issues

Difficulty seeing gray cars in rain indicates impaired contrast sensitivity.
Increased time identifying objects and eye fatigue signals impaired ocular motor skills.
Tendency to drift out of lanes suggests neglect or visual attention deficits.
Problems seeing users or objects in tunnels indicate visual acuity impairments.

Pediatric Signs

A positive Gower's sign indicates potential Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
Abdominal distention in infants may suggest cystic fibrosis.
Excessive bruising (non-abuse-related) may indicate hemophilia.
Positive Trendelenburg's sign could relate to hip dysplasia.
Symptoms like pain, swelling, and stiffness may indicate complex regional pain syndrome.

Chronic Pain Conditions

Pain, fatigue, and tender points may suggest fibromyalgia.
Numbness and tingling in fingers suggest carpal tunnel syndrome.
Area hypersensitive and painful to touch indicates a neuroma.

Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

A FIM score of "3" indicates moderate assistance (Mod A).

Tuckman's Theory of Group Development

Forming: Dependence.
Storming: Conflict and competition.
Norming: Initiation of cohesion.
Performing: Group productivity and trust.

Task Tool Modification

Adapting task tools is a core intervention strategy in the Ecology of Human Performance Model.

Sensory Integration

Movement-based activities are a strategy in Sensory Integration (SI).
Occupational Adaptation Model emphasizes developing mastery.

Biomechanical Approach

Strengthening hand muscles is part of a biomechanical rehabilitation approach.

Wheelchair Mobility

Gripping the front of the pushrim and giving tiny pushes indicates a seat back that is too high, restricting shoulder extension.

Motivational Interviewing Principles

Rolling with resistance and expressing empathy.
Developing discrepancies and supporting self-efficacy.

Radial Head Fracture

Type III fractures require removal of fragmented bone and casting for 3-4 weeks.

BOT-2 Assessment

Assesses fine and gross motor functioning affected by dyspraxia.

Sensory Profile

Used to understand how sensory issues affect a child's daily activities.

Heart Rhythm Conditions

Tachydysrhythmia: Fast heart rate (200-300 bpm), common in children with cardiac conditions.
Bradydysrhythmia: Heart rate <60 bpm, may require a pacemaker.

Drug Therapy

Donepezil improves memory and cognition but can cause dizziness.

Spinal Cord Injury Care

Low-level (T1) SCI clients should be independent in personal care with minimal homemaking assistance upon discharge.
Higher-level SCI (C1-C4) may need 24-hour attendant care, while C5-C6 may require 12 hours.

Caregiver Burden in Dementia

OTR's primary role is to recommend home modifications to support clients and reduce caregiver burden.

Supported Employment Programs

Place-and-train approaches yield better employment outcomes compared to train-then-place methods.

Health Insurance Coverage

TRICARE: Coverage for military personnel.
CHIP: Coverage for children and families not qualifying for Medicaid.
FEHBP: Coverage for federal employees.
Medicare insurance programs cover different service areas, with Part B covering outpatient therapy.

Visual Assessment

Assessing visual-receptive functions involves observing how a child's eyes work together.

Assessment of Child's Visual-Cognitive Functions

Various methods can be employed to evaluate visual cognitive abilities in children.

Desensitization Techniques

A method that starts with less irritating textures in sensitive areas, recommended for short periods.
Can be combined with TENS units if poorly tolerated.

Carpal Tunnel Symptoms

Dual site impingement likely indicates double crush syndrome.

Nerve Conditions

Thoracic outlet syndrome and ulnar tunnel syndrome involve respective anatomical regions and specific nerves.

Role Assessments

Tools like the Role Checklist and Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation assess clients' roles and behaviors related to performance.

Job Preparedness Programs

Aimed at identifying skills for workplace readiness, leading to referrals for vocational rehabilitation.

Rett's Syndrome Occurrences

Girls with Rett's experience a decline in functional skills, often losing ability to walk or communicate in later childhood.

Individualized Education Programs (IEP)

IEP should enable maximum education alongside non-disabled peers, including strengths and needs, and focus on transitional planning.### Developmental Assessments
Developmental Test of VMI: Assesses visual-motor integration skills in children.
BOT (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency): Measures motor proficiency in children, including both fine and gross motor skills.
Spelling Difficulties Assessment: Interviewing teachers can help identify if a child struggles with spelling, aiding in targeted interventions.

Feeding Session for C5 SCI Client

Mobile Arm Support: Most suitable adaptive equipment for clients with C5 spinal cord injuries due to shoulder muscle activity (biceps and upper trapezius) while lacking wrist and finger movement.

Job Functions and Accommodations

Essential Job Functions: Core duties critical to a job role, distinct from marginal functions that are less important.
Reasonable Accommodations: May involve changes such as:
- Adjusted work schedules and responsibilities.
- Modifications to the physical work environment.
- Acquisition of adaptive tools or technology.
- Design changes for existing products or creation of new ones.

U.S. Department of Labor Responsibilities

Occupational Safety: Ensures workplace safety standards are met.
Wage and Hour Standards: Oversees compliance with labor laws regarding pay and hours worked.
Unemployment Insurance Benefits: Manages the provision of unemployment benefits to eligible individuals.
Reemployment Services: Offers support and services to facilitate job placement.
Economic Statistics: Compiles and analyzes various economic data.

Driving Strategies for Impaired Clients

Awareness Training: A targeted approach for clients with neglect or visual attention deficits to enhance driving safety.
Adaptive Technology for Visual Acuity Impairments:
- Adjusting side mirrors to minimize glare from other vehicles.
- Utilizing voice-activated GPS systems to assist clients with navigation difficulties.

Rehabilitation Focus Post Hip Replacement

Strength Training Focus: Emphasize strengthening and maintaining the motion of surrounding musculature, particularly gluteal muscles, after a bilateral hip replacement for effective recovery.

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Test your knowledge with this quiz based on AOTA NBCOT exam prep flashcards. Topics include strategies for managing symptoms of COPD and contraindications for RA. Enhance your understanding of occupational therapy principles and techniques.