Anxiety Disorders and Treatments Overview

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What psychological issue may increase difficulty in processing posttraumatic stress?

Imposter syndrome

Negative emotionality (correct)

Social anxiety disorder

Personality disorder

Which of the following characterizes identity confusion?

Feeling detached from reality

Confusion about personal relationships

Difficulty recalling one's identity (correct)

Establishing a new identity

In the context of PTSD, what does somatization refer to?

Expressing psychological problems as physical symptoms (correct)

Worrying excessively about health issues

Physical symptoms without emotional conflicts

Experiencing traumatic events in a detached manner

What term applies to the situation where a person is confused about their identity?

Identity confusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

A 32-year-old woman experiences unexplained seizures after her divorce. What syndrome does this best illustrate?

Somatization syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to occur when dissociative compartmentalization of experience is extreme?

Identity alteration (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dissociation involves a person not recalling a traumatic incident but remembering other details of the day?

Dissociative amnesia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can result from prolonged psychological stress, potentially affecting physical health?

Somatic complaint (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key criticism of the five-stage theory of grief developed by Kubler-Ross?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the limbic system is mainly associated with acute and posttraumatic stress?

Amygdala (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which personality factor is linked to a negative response to posttraumatic stress?

Negative emotionality (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when dissociative compartmentalization of experience reaches an extreme level?

Identity confusion (A) Signup and view all the answers

A 32-year-old woman experiencing seizures with no medical findings exemplifies which syndrome?

Psychosomatic (B) Signup and view all the answers

The teenage boy who cannot recall the shooting incident but remembers other details of the day illustrates which phenomenon?

Dissociative amnesia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding the common treatment methods for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

Medication has limited evidence supporting its use (D) Signup and view all the answers

The girl who injures herself for attention displays which concept?

Secondary gain (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about panic disorders?

An intense anxiety reaction that comes abruptly (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about agoraphobia?

Agoraphobia is the same as panic disorder (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which reason contributes to women being diagnosed with anxiety disorders more than men?

Due to genetic, neurochemical, and hormonal differences (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about antidepressants?

It has no impact on weight (A) Signup and view all the answers

From the sociocultural perspectives, which statement is TRUE?

Social anxiety is less prevalent in Asian countries compared to the U.S. (D) Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are experiences commonly associated with Dissociation EXCEPT:

Nightmares (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following most accurately explains the role of culture in grief?

Although some facets of grief are universal, culture affects the experience (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of trauma?

Earning an F on an exam due to lack of studying (C) Signup and view all the answers

What typically characterizes dissociative amnesia?

Difficulty recalling important autobiographical information (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result in a person adopting a new identity after a traumatic event?

Dissociative fugue (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of dissociative disorders, what type of medication is often used despite limited evidence of its effectiveness?

Psychotropic medication (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of secondary gain in psychological disorders?

Gaining attention through self-injury (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-5 and ICD-11, how is dissociative amnesia categorized?

With and without dissociative fugue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a primary reason people might dissociate?

Lack of memory for everyday events (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the ICD-10 from DSM-5 regarding dissociative amnesia?

It treats dissociative fugue as an independent diagnosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding biofeedback?

It helps individuals manage psychosomatic symptoms. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of immigrants internalizing Western beliefs?

Greater risk for eating disorders (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Cognitive Behavioral perspective, dissociation is viewed primarily as what?

A learned response through conditioning (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder focuses obsessively on muscularity and body size, influenced by social norms?

Muscle dysmorphia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates somatization disorder from somatic symptom disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder includes worrying about symptoms alongside them (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does culture impact the prevalence of eating disorders?

By promoting social standards that celebrate thinness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What underlying mechanism contributes to dissociation according to Cognitive Behavioral theory?

Avoidance responses tied to external cues (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes muscle dysmorphia?

A distorted perception of body size and muscle mass (C) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect distinguishes somatic symptom disorder from somatization disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder involves both symptoms and emotional concerns (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Panic Disorders

Abrupt intense anxiety reaction
Symptoms last at least six months
Panic disorder does not always lead to agoraphobia

Agoraphobia

Disproportionate fear and avoidance of open spaces like parking lots
Females are twice as likely to be diagnosed as males
Agoraphobia is not the same as panic disorder
Symptoms should last at least six months for diagnosis

Reasons for higher female anxiety diagnosis

Women may be more burdened by anxiety
Genetic, neurochemical, and hormonal differences may play a role
Women tend to face more social disadvantages than men

Antidepressants

May cause impaired sexual performance
May cause weight gain
May cause nausea
Can reduce suicidal behavior, especially among young people

Sociocultural Influences on Anxiety

Cultural background influences how people exhibit anxiety
Cultural differences affect anxiety disorder symptoms
Social anxiety is less prevalent in Asian countries compared to the U.S.
Anxiety of lower SES individuals increases slowly with age

Dissociation

Depersonalization - feeling detached from one's body
Amnesia - difficulty remembering traumatic events
Derealization - feeling detached from surroundings
Nightmares are NOT a common experience with dissociation

Cross-cultural Perspectives on Grief

Grief is not a disorder in some cultures, but a lifelong process
Ideas of abnormality influence how grief is understood
Grief is not considered adaptive as it reduces fitness
Culture affects the experience of grief, though some facets are universal

Causes of Trauma

Childhood physical abuse
Serious injury from a car accident
Narrowly escaping a disaster, even if friends are lost
Earning an F on an exam (due to lack of studying) is NOT considered a cause of trauma

Criticism of Kubler Ross's Five-Stage Theory of Grief

Overly simplistic
Overlooks cultural differences
Assumes grief has a finite endpoint

The Limbic System and Trauma

The amygdala is a part of the limbic system and is active in acute and posttraumatic stress

Personality Factors and Posttraumatic Stress Response

Negative emotionality is associated with a poor response to posttraumatic stress

Dissociation and Identity

Identity confusion is when a person has difficulty recalling their identity.
Identity alteration is when a person establishes a new identity to replace an old one.

Somatization Disorder

Expressing psychological problems through physical symptoms.
Symptoms are medically unexplained and often viewed as physical representations of emotional conflict.

Dissociative Amnesia

Difficulty recalling important autobiographical information, usually traumatic in nature.
Not simply forgetting; it is not attributable to simple forgetting

Biofeedback and Psychosomatic Symptoms

Biofeedback is a behavioral intervention used to help people manage psychosomatic symptoms.

Secondary Gain

Any benefits gained from a symptom besides the initial unconscious conflict.
This can include increased attention, more care, and avoidance of responsibilities.

Eating and Feeding Disorders

Eating and feeding problems ARE NOT the same.
Eating disorders are characterized by a disturbance in eating habits, often involving a preoccupation with weight and body image.
Feeding disorders are characterized by problems with feeding behaviors, such as a lack of interest in food or difficulty swallowing.

Muscle Dysmorphia

Type of body dysmorphic disorder characterized by an obsessive focus on muscularity and body size.
Often influenced by media images.

Differences between Somatization Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder

Somatization Disorder: Physical symptoms with no physical explanation. They are often seen as expressions of emotional conflict.
Somatic Symptom Disorder:: Somatic symptoms, which may or may not be biologically based, with excessive worrying about these symptoms.

Cultural Influence on Anxiety Disorders

Culture impacts how anxiety disorders are perceived and treated.
Understanding cultural differences is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the characteristics and symptoms of panic disorders and agoraphobia, as well as the sociocultural influences on anxiety. This quiz also discusses the effects of antidepressants and reasons for the higher diagnosis of anxiety disorders in females. Test your knowledge on these important psychological topics.