Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary emotion associated with anxiety?
What is the primary emotion associated with anxiety?
Which of the following is a symptom of a panic attack?
Which of the following is a symptom of a panic attack?
What is the average age of onset of panic disorder?
What is the average age of onset of panic disorder?
Which of the following is a risk factor for panic disorder?
Which of the following is a risk factor for panic disorder?
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What is the primary goal of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety?
What is the primary goal of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety?
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What is the primary characteristic of agoraphobia?
What is the primary characteristic of agoraphobia?
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What is the primary goal of nursing interventions for panic disorder?
What is the primary goal of nursing interventions for panic disorder?
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What is the primary characteristic of selective mutism?
What is the primary characteristic of selective mutism?
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What is the most invasive treatment for acute anxiety?
What is the most invasive treatment for acute anxiety?
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What is the primary difference between anxiety and panic disorder?
What is the primary difference between anxiety and panic disorder?
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Study Notes
Anxiety
- Feeling of discomfort, apprehension, or dread related to anticipation of danger, with a nonspecific or unknown source.
Levels of Anxiety
- Acute Anxiety: characterized by >3 symptoms, considered Panic Disorder.
- Symptoms:
- Sweating
- Trembling
- Unsteady
- Dissociation
- Elevated heart rate
- Nausea
- Tingling
- Best treatment: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
- Most invasive treatment: Benzodiazepines.
Panic Attack
- Sudden, overwhelming feeling of terror or impending doom.
- Symptoms:
- Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
- Feelings of choking
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or abdominal distress
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
- Chills or heat sensations
- Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)
- Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from oneself)
- Fear of losing control, going crazy, or dying
- Characteristics:
- Feelings of impending doom
- Recurrent panic attacks
- Unpredictable onset
- Intense apprehension, fear, or terror
- Usually lasts minutes or, more rarely, hours (5-20 minutes)
Panic Disorder
- Average age of onset: late 20s
- Risk factors:
- Genetic vulnerability
- Predisposition for negative emotions
- History of childhood physical/sexual abuse
- Smoking
- Nursing interventions:
- Calm approach
- Comfort patient
- Clear and simple words
- Assess suicidal thoughts
- Stay with patient 1:1
Phobias
- Often associated with panic disorder
- Types of phobias:
- Agoraphobia: fear of situation or fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available
- Social Anxiety: fear of judgment or evaluation by others
- Separation Anxiety: fear of separating from a person
- Specific Phobia: fear of specific objects or situations that could conceivably cause harm
Treatment of Phobias
- Systematic Desensitization: slow exposure to fear, promoting familiarity
- Implosion Therapy (flooding): exposing the patient to a large number of undesirable stimuli to turn off the phobic response
- Nursing interventions for Phobias: "SLEA"
- Stay with patient during panic attack related to phobia and maintain calm approach
- Long term: teach patient to face the phobia/things that cause irrational fear
- Encourage the client to explore underlying causes of fear
Selective Mutism
- Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations where speaking is expected
- Affects achievement academically or socially
- Interferes with regular communication
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Description
This quiz covers the signs and symptoms of anxiety and panic disorders, including acute anxiety, sweating, trembling, and more. Learn about the best treatment options and when to intervene.
