Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a common clinical manifestation of Panic Disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a common clinical manifestation of Panic Disorder?
- Fear of dying or losing control during an attack
- Physical symptoms like palpitations, sweating, and trembling
- Sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort
- Persistent and excessive worry about daily activities (correct)
What is a common neurobiological finding in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
What is a common neurobiological finding in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
- Decreased norepinephrine system activity
- Altered serotonin signaling or increased reuptake (correct)
- Increased serotonin activity
- Increased benzodiazepine receptor function
Which brain region is associated with the exaggerated fear response observed in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
Which brain region is associated with the exaggerated fear response observed in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
- Hypothalamus
- Amygdala (correct)
- Prefrontal Cortex
- Hippocampus
Which of the following is NOT a common clinical manifestation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Which of the following is NOT a common clinical manifestation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What role does the hippocampus play in the development of PTSD?
What role does the hippocampus play in the development of PTSD?
Which of these disorders is characterized by a hypersensitive fight-or-flight response?
Which of these disorders is characterized by a hypersensitive fight-or-flight response?
Which neurotransmitter system is implicated in both Panic Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
Which neurotransmitter system is implicated in both Panic Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
What is a common neurobiological finding in individuals with PTSD?
What is a common neurobiological finding in individuals with PTSD?
Which of the following brain regions plays a central role in the pathophysiology of OCD, contributing to intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors?
Which of the following brain regions plays a central role in the pathophysiology of OCD, contributing to intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors?
What is a primary clinical manifestation of PTSD that reflects the disorder's impact on emotional regulation?
What is a primary clinical manifestation of PTSD that reflects the disorder's impact on emotional regulation?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD, with decreased synthesis contributing to compulsive behaviors?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD, with decreased synthesis contributing to compulsive behaviors?
What is a key clinical feature that distinguishes Panic Disorder from other anxiety disorders based on its manifestation?
What is a key clinical feature that distinguishes Panic Disorder from other anxiety disorders based on its manifestation?
Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of OCD, reflecting the individual's attempt to reduce distress caused by intrusive thoughts?
Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of OCD, reflecting the individual's attempt to reduce distress caused by intrusive thoughts?
Which of the following brain regions is associated with heightened activity in OCD, resulting in difficulty stopping repetitive thoughts?
Which of the following brain regions is associated with heightened activity in OCD, resulting in difficulty stopping repetitive thoughts?
What is a common clinical manifestation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), reflecting the disorder's pervasive and persistent worrying?
What is a common clinical manifestation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), reflecting the disorder's pervasive and persistent worrying?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between PTSD and OCD under the DSM-5 classification system?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between PTSD and OCD under the DSM-5 classification system?
Flashcards
PTSD Clinical Manifestations
PTSD Clinical Manifestations
Symptoms include intrusive thoughts, nightmares, hypervigilance, and social withdrawal.
OCD Pathophysiology
OCD Pathophysiology
Involves dysregulated basal ganglia-prefrontal cortex circuit and decreased serotonin.
Obsessions in OCD
Obsessions in OCD
Persistent, intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety, such as fear of contamination.
Compulsions in OCD
Compulsions in OCD
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Panic Disorder Pathophysiology
Panic Disorder Pathophysiology
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
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Comparison of Anxiety Disorders
Comparison of Anxiety Disorders
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Changes in DSM-5
Changes in DSM-5
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Panic Disorder (PD) Pathophysiology
Panic Disorder (PD) Pathophysiology
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Panic Disorder Clinical Manifestations
Panic Disorder Clinical Manifestations
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Pathophysiology
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Pathophysiology
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Clinical Manifestations
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Clinical Manifestations
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Pathophysiology
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Pathophysiology
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Clinical Manifestations
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Clinical Manifestations
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Role of Benzodiazepine Receptors in Anxiety
Role of Benzodiazepine Receptors in Anxiety
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Genetic Contribution to Anxiety Disorders
Genetic Contribution to Anxiety Disorders
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Study Notes
Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are compared and contrasted.
Panic Disorder (PD)
- Pathophysiology: Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), leading to a hypersensitive fight-or-flight response. Reduced function of GABA-A receptors, normally inhibiting overactive responses, results in heightened anxiety.
- Genetic Contribution: 20% risk among first-degree relatives.
- Clinical Manifestations: Sudden, intense episodes of fear or discomfort (panic attacks); physical symptoms like palpitations, sweating, trembling; psychological symptoms like fear of dying or losing control; avoidance behaviors due to fear of future attacks.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Pathophysiology: Decreased serotonin activity; increased reuptake contributing to persistent worry. Changes in the norepinephrine system, altering receptor expression leading to autonomic overactivity. Impaired function of benzodiazepine receptors, reducing inhibitory signaling via GABA.
- Genetic Factors: Concordance rates are roughly 30% in female twins.
- Clinical Manifestations: Persistent excessive worry about daily activities; restlessness, irritability, muscle tension, fatigue; sleep disturbances; somatic symptoms (e.g., headaches, gastrointestinal issues).
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Pathophysiology: Reduction in hippocampal volume, which is responsible for distinguishing safe vs. dangerous stimuli. Exaggerated fear response due to overactive amygdala. Impaired regulation of emotions and fear responses due to reduced prefrontal cortex function.
- Clinical Manifestations: Intrusive thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks; avoidance of trauma reminders; hypervigilance, irritability, and exaggerated startle response; sleep disturbances; mood changes; social withdrawal.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Pathophysiology: Abnormal communication between the basal ganglia and the orbitofrontal cortex leading to intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Increased prefrontal cortex activity contributes to difficulty stopping repetitive thoughts. Decreased serotonin synthesis relates to compulsive behaviors.
- Genetic Component: 10-12% risk among first-degree relatives.
- Clinical Manifestations: Persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions); repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing distress (compulsions); difficulty carrying out daily activities due to compulsions; high levels of anxiety and distress when unable to perform compulsions.
Important Note
- PTSD and OCD are no longer classified as anxiety disorders in the DSM-5.
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Description
This quiz assesses your understanding of anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, and OCD. It covers key aspects such as pathophysiology, genetic contributions, and clinical manifestations. Test your knowledge and readiness to identify and differentiate these conditions.
