Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the following viruses with their characteristics:
Match the following viruses with their characteristics:
Influenza A = Causes pandemics (e.g., H1N1) Influenza B = Humans only RSV = Respiratory viral infection H1N1 = Type of Influenza A strain
Match the antiviral drugs with their types:
Match the antiviral drugs with their types:
Oseltamivir = Neuraminidase inhibitor Zanamivir = Neuraminidase inhibitor Amantadine = Adamantane antiviral Rimantadine = Adamantane antiviral
Match the mode of action with the appropriate antiviral:
Match the mode of action with the appropriate antiviral:
Neuraminidase inhibitors = Prevent release of new virions Adamantane antivirals = Block viral uncoating Oseltamivir = Prodrug, oral administration Zanamivir = Inhaled, active form
Match the adverse effects with the corresponding drug:
Match the adverse effects with the corresponding drug:
Match the antiviral drug with its specific pharmacokinetics:
Match the antiviral drug with its specific pharmacokinetics:
Match the following characteristics of Ribavirin with their descriptions:
Match the following characteristics of Ribavirin with their descriptions:
Match the following Hepatitis viruses with their characteristics:
Match the following Hepatitis viruses with their characteristics:
Match the following adverse effects of Ribavirin with their descriptions:
Match the following adverse effects of Ribavirin with their descriptions:
Match the following mechanisms of action of Ribavirin with their explanations:
Match the following mechanisms of action of Ribavirin with their explanations:
Match the following treatment goals for Hepatitis B and C with their targets:
Match the following treatment goals for Hepatitis B and C with their targets:
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Antiviral Drugs Overview
- Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites lacking cell walls, membranes, and organelles.
- Symptoms of viral infections appear late during the disease progression.
- Antiviral drugs are mainly virustatic and can also be used prophylactically.
Treatment of Respiratory Viral Infections
- Key viruses involved include Influenza A, Influenza B, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
- Preferred approach for treatment is immunization; antiviral drugs are alternatives for allergies or during outbreaks.
- Influenza A is known for causing pandemics, with notable subtype H1N1.
- Surface proteins of Influenza A, hemagglutinin (H) aids in attachment, while neuraminidase (N) facilitates release of new virions.
Neuraminidase Inhibitors
- Primary examples include Oseltamivir (oral) and Zanamivir (inhaled).
- Effective against both Influenza A and B.
- Best when administered prior to exposure or within 48 hours of onset of symptoms, typically for a 5-day course.
- Mechanism of action involves inhibition of neuraminidase, preventing new virion release.
- Pharmacokinetics: Oseltamivir is a prodrug activated by hepatic esterases; Zanamivir is active upon inhalation.
- Excretion for both occurs via urine.
- Common adverse effects: Oseltamivir can cause nausea and vomiting; Zanamivir may lead to respiratory discomfort and requires caution in patients with airway diseases.
- Resistance may develop through mutations in the neuraminidase enzyme.
Adamantane Antivirals
- Includes Amantadine and Rimantadine, with actions limited to Influenza A.
- Administered before exposure or within 48 hours of symptoms.
- Mechanism of action blocks the M2 proton ion channel, hindering viral uncoating.
- Pharmacokinetics differ: Amantadine is excreted unchanged in urine, while Rimantadine undergoes extensive metabolism prior to excretion.
- Not recommended due to high resistance rates.
Ribavirin
- A guanosine analogue recognized for its broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
- Particularly effective against RSV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) when used with other drugs.
- Indicated for severe RSV bronchiolitis or pneumonia in children and infants.
- Mechanism of action disrupts replication of RNA and DNA viruses, impacting mRNA synthesis and RNA polymerase activity.
- Administered orally or via aerosolized form for RSV, with renal excretion.
- Notable adverse effects include dose-dependent anemia and irritation from aerosol use.
- Contraindicated in pregnant individuals or those planning to conceive for 6 months post-exposure.
Treatment of Hepatic Viral Infections
- Hepatitis viruses include A, B, C, D, and E, with chronic infections primarily caused by HBV (DNA virus) and HCV (RNA virus).
- Treatment goals for HBV aim to suppress viral DNA, achieve seroconversion of HBeAg, and lower hepatic transaminase levels.
- HCV treatment focuses on viral eradication.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
