Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes the role of Interferons in the immune response against viral infections?
Which of the following describes the role of Interferons in the immune response against viral infections?
- Interferons directly kill virus-infected cells.
- Interferons inhibit cell division to prevent virus spread.
- Interferons only stimulate B cells to produce antibodies.
- Interferons activate signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines. (correct)
What is the primary action of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) in HIV treatment?
What is the primary action of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) in HIV treatment?
- They inhibit the enzyme HIV protease.
- They enhance the immune response to HIV.
- They promote the integration of viral DNA into the host genome.
- They block the reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA. (correct)
What occurs after the recruitment of STAT proteins in the interferon signaling process?
What occurs after the recruitment of STAT proteins in the interferon signaling process?
- Inhibition of viral replication.
- Formation of new viral particles.
- Increased production of antibodies.
- Phosphorylation of STAT proteins. (correct)
Which type of antiviral drug does not directly inhibit reverse transcriptase activity?
Which type of antiviral drug does not directly inhibit reverse transcriptase activity?
What is the significance of interferons binding to specific cell surface receptors?
What is the significance of interferons binding to specific cell surface receptors?
Which of the following actions are associated with interferons?
Which of the following actions are associated with interferons?
What is the role of 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) in the antiviral response?
What is the role of 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) in the antiviral response?
Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with interferon therapy?
Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with interferon therapy?
What is the mechanism of action for NRTIs in treating HIV?
What is the mechanism of action for NRTIs in treating HIV?
Which of the following drugs is categorized as a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)?
Which of the following drugs is categorized as a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)?
What is a significant side effect of Zidovudine therapy?
What is a significant side effect of Zidovudine therapy?
What distinguishes Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors from NRTIs?
What distinguishes Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors from NRTIs?
Which statement accurately describes the effects of Tenofovir?
Which statement accurately describes the effects of Tenofovir?
What is one of the primary actions of protease inhibitors in HIV treatment?
What is one of the primary actions of protease inhibitors in HIV treatment?
Which condition is NOT typically treated with IFN-α-2b?
Which condition is NOT typically treated with IFN-α-2b?
Which class of anti-HIV drugs is known for requiring activation into triphosphate metabolites?
Which class of anti-HIV drugs is known for requiring activation into triphosphate metabolites?
Which condition is associated with the adverse effect of lactic acidosis in anti-HIV drug therapy?
Which condition is associated with the adverse effect of lactic acidosis in anti-HIV drug therapy?
What is a major concern regarding resistance in NNRTIs for HIV therapy?
What is a major concern regarding resistance in NNRTIs for HIV therapy?
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Study Notes
Antiviral Drugs – For HIV infection
- Interferons are signaling proteins produced by host cells in response to pathogens.
- Interferons bind to specific cell surface receptors and affect viral replication.
- Antiviral drugs for HIV infection fall into several categories: NRTIs, NNRTIs, NtRTIs, Protease inhibitors, Entry/fusion inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, Integrase inhibitors, and Newer antiviral drugs.
- NRTIs are activated into triphosphate metabolites by host cell kinase.
- The triphosphate form of NRTIs competes with viral nucleoside triphosphate for viral RT.
- NRTIs lack a 3’OH group or have –N3 in place of 3’ OH, which terminates DNA chain elongation.
- Zidovudine is a thymidine analogue used for palliative treatment for HIV 1, 2 and HTLV I and II.
- NNRTIs do not require activation through phosphorylation, binding directly to the catalytic site of viral RT and inactivating the enzyme to inhibit viral DNA synthesis.
- Tenofovir, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI), competitively inhibits HIV- RT enzyme.
- Tenofovir is a prodrug hydrolysed in the liver to tenofovir and then phosphorylated to active tenofovir diphosphate.
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