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Antiviral Agents and Viral Infections

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Which antiviral agent is indicated for the treatment of genital herpes simplex virus?

Acyclovir

Which class of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C works by inhibiting a serine protease?

NS3/4A Inhibitor

Which agent is used in the treatment of both HIV-1 and HBV viral infections?

Tenofovir

What is the mechanism of elimination of beta lactams?

<p>Renal mechanisms unchanged into the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of beta lactams?

<p>Time-dependent and bactericidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of penicillins in dentistry?

<p>Amoxicillin has greater coverage for Gm negative aerobes than Penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viral infection is Darunavir typically used to treat?

<p>HIV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of resistance is common among beta-lactam agents?

<p>Enzymatic inactivation and altered target sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of macrolide antibiotic agents?

<p>They have significant CYP drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is a CYP inhibitor?

<p>Azole antifungals and Macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of drugs would be useful to treat an oral abscess with documented Gram-positive aerobes and Gram-negative anaerobes?

<p>Penicillin and Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about vancomycin?

<p>It is an IV agent used to treat MRSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which three classes of antiviral agents are commonly used to treat HIV?

<p>NRTI, Integrase Inhibitor, and NNRTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is more susceptible to cephalosporins than penicillins?

<p>Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activity do antifolate drugs provide against bacterial DNA synthesis?

<p>bacteriostatic activity by inhibiting 2 enzymes in the synthesis of folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is likely to cause peripheral neuropathy ( pins and needles sensation in her feet) in a patient being treated for tuberculosis?

<p>Isoniazid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is likely to interact with carbamazepine and increase the risk of seizures in a patient with a seizure disorder?

<p>Rifampin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fluconazole compared to other azoles?

<p>It provides less CYP 450 inhibition than other azoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is an antimetabolite that prevents DNA replication in the S phase of the cell cycle?

<p>Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an alkylating agent agents causes DNA damage and cell death?

<p>Cyclophosphamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is cell cycle independent, meaning it can kill cells in any phase of the cell cycle?

<p>Doxorubicin, Tamoxifen and Cyclophosphamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do the active metabolites of vitamin D have on the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Increase the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is known to cause stomatitis as a side effect?

<p>Doxorubicin and Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent prevents microtubule function in cells, thereby blocking mitosis?

<p>Vincristine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents suppresses RANKL production by osteoblasts, thereby inhibiting bone resorption?

<p>Raloxifene and Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates in inhibiting bone resorption?

<p>Interfering with the mevalonate pathway in osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent increases bone formation by increasing the number of osteoblasts?

<p>Teriparatide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent inhibits bone resorption by suppressing RANKL-RANK interaction?

<p>Denosumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents increase the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw?

<p>Denosumab and Bisphosphonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents are associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic disease?

<p>Raloxifene and Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of which of the following agents?

<p>Phenytoin and Cyclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes of drugs are associated with an increased risk of candidiasis?

<p>Glucocorticoid Steroids and Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents are used to treat candidiasis?

<p>Nystatin and Fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes of drugs is most likely to cause Xerostomia?

<p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents can cause staining of teeth?

<p>Chlorhexidine and Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative risk of ONJ in patients with osteoporosis treated with bisphosphonates compared to those treated for cancer?

<p>100 times smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a general recommendation in the treatment of patients with Stage I ONJ?

<p>Daily irrigations and oral antimicrobial rinses and Clinical follow up every 3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is not associated with Xerostomia?

<p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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