Antituberculosis Drugs: Chemistry and Synthesis Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of Isoniazid?

Treatment of active tuberculosis caused by susceptible strains

Which structural feature of Isoniazid is essential for its anti-tuberculosis activity?

The pyridine ring

Which of the following is a second-line anti-tuberculosis drug?

Ethionamide

What is the primary purpose of using Streptomycin in combination with other anti-TB drugs?

To prevent the development of drug resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug?

Amikacin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural modification that distinguishes Ethionamide from Isoniazid?

Substitution of the carbonyl group with a thiocarbonyl group Signup and view all the answers

What is the waxy coating on the cell surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily due to?

Presence of mycolic acid Signup and view all the answers

Why did resistance occur rapidly with the first anti-TB drug, sulfanilamide?

It was bacteriostatic Signup and view all the answers

What was the major breakthrough in TB treatment regarding antibiotics?

Development of streptomycin Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis makes most antibiotics ineffective against it?

Presence of a waxy coating Signup and view all the answers

Why was dapsone discontinued in long-term TB therapy despite its effectiveness?

It was toxic Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium causes TB and is known as Koch's bacillus?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of substituting N with C in the pyrazine ring?

It results in a decrease in activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of pyrazinamide?

Pyrazinamide is a prodrug that is activated by M. tuberculosis amidase enzyme into pyrazine carboxylic acid, which has bactericidal activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of resistance to pyrazinamide?

Decreased uptake of pyrazinamide by M. tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of pyrazinamide?

Pyrazinamide is used in conjunction with isoniazid and rifampin in short-course (6-month) regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the major adverse effects of pyrazinamide?

Hepatotoxicity, nausea, vomiting, and hyperuricemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ethambutol is correct?

Ethambutol is a synthetic, water-soluble, heat-stable compound that is included in first-line therapy of tuberculosis due to its efficacy and less adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about Isoniazid?

It inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of mycobacterial cell walls. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of Isoniazid?

It forms a covalent complex with an acyl carrier protein (AcpM) and KasA, blocking mycolic acid synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about Pyrazinamide?

It has an amide group at position 2 of the pyrazine ring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the amide side chain in Pyrazinamide?

It is essential for the antimycobacterial activity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the clinical application of Isoniazid?

It is used in combination therapy for active tuberculosis infections. Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature of Pyrazinamide is essential for its antimycobacterial activity?

The presence of a pyrazine ring with two nitrogen atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nitrogen atoms in acetazolamide?

Enhancing the drug's binding affinity through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions with the enzyme Signup and view all the answers

How does the electronegativity of atoms in acetazolamide affect its properties?

It affects bonding interactions, impacting the drug's affinity for the enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of modifying functional groups in acetazolamide?

To change the drug's properties, including solubility Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding a methyl group to the ring's nitrogen in acetazolamide?

It enhances the drug's diuretic activity Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for the moiety attached to the sulfamoyl group in acetazolamide?

It must possess aromatic character Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about furosemide is correct?

It is classified as a high ceiling diuretic Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Isoniazid

The primary use of Isoniazid is as an anti-tuberculosis drug.
The structural feature essential for its anti-tuberculosis activity is the hydrazide group.
Isoniazid is a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug.

Other Anti-TB Drugs

Ethionamide is a second-line anti-tuberculosis drug.
Streptomycin is used in combination with other anti-TB drugs to prevent the development of resistance.
Dapsone is not a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug.

Ethionamide

The primary structural modification that distinguishes Ethionamide from Isoniazid is the replacement of the hydrazide group with an ethyl group.
Ethionamide is used as a second-line anti-tuberculosis drug.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

The waxy coating on the cell surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily due to mycolic acid.
The bacterium causes TB and is known as Koch's bacillus.
The characteristic that makes most antibiotics ineffective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is its waxy cell wall.

Pyrazinamide

The effect of substituting N with C in the pyrazine ring converts pyrazinamide to a non-anti-tuberculosis compound.
The mode of action of pyrazinamide involves the conversion of pyrazinamide to pyrazinoic acid, which then inhibits fatty acid synthase.
The main cause of resistance to pyrazinamide is the mutation of the pyrazinamidase gene.
The therapeutic use of pyrazinamide is as an anti-tuberculosis drug, particularly in combination with other drugs.
The major adverse effects of pyrazinamide include hepatotoxicity and hyperuricemia.

Ethambutol

Ethambutol is used in combination with other anti-TB drugs to prevent the development of resistance.

Acetazolamide

The primary role of nitrogen atoms in acetazolamide is to enhance its diuretic properties.
The electronegativity of atoms in acetazolamide affects its properties by increasing its solubility.
The purpose of modifying functional groups in acetazolamide is to enhance its diuretic properties.
The requirement for the moiety attached to the sulfamoyl group in acetazolamide is that it should be able to enhance its diuretic properties.

Furosemide

Furosemide is a diuretic that works by inhibiting the Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter in the kidneys.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the chemistry and synthesis of antituberculosis drugs, particularly those used in combination with trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole). Explore the synthesis of 3-amino 5-methyl isoxazole, P-amino benzene sulfonyl chloride, and more. Learn about the classification, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and uses of antituberculosis drugs.

Antituberculosis Drugs: Chemistry and Synthesis Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of Isoniazid?

Which structural feature of Isoniazid is essential for its anti-tuberculosis activity?

Which of the following is a second-line anti-tuberculosis drug?

What is the primary purpose of using Streptomycin in combination with other anti-TB drugs?

Which of the following is NOT a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug?

What is the primary structural modification that distinguishes Ethionamide from Isoniazid?

What is the waxy coating on the cell surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily due to?

Why did resistance occur rapidly with the first anti-TB drug, sulfanilamide?

What was the major breakthrough in TB treatment regarding antibiotics?

What characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis makes most antibiotics ineffective against it?

Why was dapsone discontinued in long-term TB therapy despite its effectiveness?

Which bacterium causes TB and is known as Koch's bacillus?

What is the effect of substituting N with C in the pyrazine ring?

What is the mode of action of pyrazinamide?

What is the main cause of resistance to pyrazinamide?

What is the therapeutic use of pyrazinamide?

What are the major adverse effects of pyrazinamide?

Which of the following statements about ethambutol is correct?

Which of the following statements is true about Isoniazid?

What is the mode of action of Isoniazid?

Which of the following statements is true about Pyrazinamide?

What is the importance of the amide side chain in Pyrazinamide?

Which of the following statements is true about the clinical application of Isoniazid?

Which structural feature of Pyrazinamide is essential for its antimycobacterial activity?

What is the primary role of nitrogen atoms in acetazolamide?

How does the electronegativity of atoms in acetazolamide affect its properties?

What is the purpose of modifying functional groups in acetazolamide?

What is the effect of adding a methyl group to the ring's nitrogen in acetazolamide?

What is a requirement for the moiety attached to the sulfamoyl group in acetazolamide?

Which statement about furosemide is correct?

Study Notes

Isoniazid

Other Anti-TB Drugs

Ethionamide

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol

Acetazolamide

Furosemide

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Description

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