Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of clofazimine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of clofazimine?
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of amithiozone?
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of amithiozone?
Which drug is considered the drug of choice for systemic fungal infections?
Which drug is considered the drug of choice for systemic fungal infections?
Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with intravenous administration of Amphotericin-B?
Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with intravenous administration of Amphotericin-B?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of infections is griseofulvin primarily used to treat?
What type of infections is griseofulvin primarily used to treat?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is false regarding the pharmacokinetics of Amphotericin-B?
Which statement is false regarding the pharmacokinetics of Amphotericin-B?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant risk associated with prolonged use of amithiozone?
What is a significant risk associated with prolonged use of amithiozone?
Signup and view all the answers
Nystatin is primarily used in which form of treatment?
Nystatin is primarily used in which form of treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Cycloserine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Cycloserine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common side effect of Ethionamide?
Which of the following is a common side effect of Ethionamide?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these drugs is not typically used in the treatment of leprosy?
Which of these drugs is not typically used in the treatment of leprosy?
Signup and view all the answers
What adverse effect is associated with the use of Dapson?
What adverse effect is associated with the use of Dapson?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to adjust the dosage of Cycloserine in patients with renal failure?
Why is it important to adjust the dosage of Cycloserine in patients with renal failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) in the administration of antituberculous drugs?
What is the role of Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) in the administration of antituberculous drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is the mode of action of Rifampicin?
Which of the following is the mode of action of Rifampicin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Rifampicin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Rifampicin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which adverse effect is associated with Ethambutol?
Which adverse effect is associated with Ethambutol?
Signup and view all the answers
What adjustment is necessary for dosing Ethambutol in patients with renal failure?
What adjustment is necessary for dosing Ethambutol in patients with renal failure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common side effect of Rifampicin?
Which of the following is a common side effect of Rifampicin?
Signup and view all the answers
Leprosy treatment can include which of the following drugs?
Leprosy treatment can include which of the following drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Pyrazinamide?
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Pyrazinamide?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the antibacterial spectrum of Rifampicin?
What is the antibacterial spectrum of Rifampicin?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be monitored in patients taking Isoniazid?
What should be monitored in patients taking Isoniazid?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Amithiozone Use
Amithiozone Use
Alternative treatment for leprosy (instead of dapsone).
Clofazimine Adverse Effects
Clofazimine Adverse Effects
Causes skin discoloration and GI issues.
Clofazimine MOA
Clofazimine MOA
Inhibits the function of DNA template.
Amithiozone Resistance
Amithiozone Resistance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Amphotericin B MOA
Amphotericin B MOA
Signup and view all the flashcards
Amphotericin B Indication
Amphotericin B Indication
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mode of action of Isoniazid (INH)
Mode of action of Isoniazid (INH)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nystatin Administration
Nystatin Administration
Signup and view all the flashcards
Amphotericin B Administration
Amphotericin B Administration
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ethionamide side effects
Ethionamide side effects
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dapson's Mode of Action
Dapson's Mode of Action
Signup and view all the flashcards
Common TB Drug - Rifampicin
Common TB Drug - Rifampicin
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cycloserine Mode of Action
Cycloserine Mode of Action
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dose adjustment for TB drugs
Dose adjustment for TB drugs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rifampicin's Mode of Action
Rifampicin's Mode of Action
Signup and view all the flashcards
Combination Treatment for TB
Combination Treatment for TB
Signup and view all the flashcards
Leprosy Cause
Leprosy Cause
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rifampicin's Antibacterial Spectrum
Rifampicin's Antibacterial Spectrum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ethambutol's Mode of Action
Ethambutol's Mode of Action
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ethambutol Side Effect
Ethambutol Side Effect
Signup and view all the flashcards
Peripheral Neuritis Cause
Peripheral Neuritis Cause
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pyrazinamide Adverse Effects
Pyrazinamide Adverse Effects
Signup and view all the flashcards
Streptomycin's Mode of Action
Streptomycin's Mode of Action
Signup and view all the flashcards
Peripheral Neuritis Symptoms
Peripheral Neuritis Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Quinolones
- Quinolones can damage growing cartilage, contraindicated under 18, pregnant, and lactating women due to secretion in milk.
- Can lead to tendon rupture.
Tuberculosis
- Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Primarily affects lungs, but can affect other organs.
- Clinical features: fever, anorexia, hemoptysis, cough, sputum, weight loss, anemia, night sweats, enlarged lymph nodes, tubercle formation, necrosis, and lung fibrosis.
Antituberculosis Drugs
- First-line (standard) drugs: Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide.
- Second-line (reserve) drugs: used if first-line drugs fail or if microorganisms are resistant; Examples: Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Amikacin, Cycloserine, Ethionamide, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Capreomycin, Rifabutin.
- Drugs are typically given in combination to prevent bacterial resistance.
Isoniazid (INH)
- Mode of action: Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacterial cell walls.
- Pharmacokinetics: Orally absorbed; absorption impaired by food (especially carbohydrates and antacids), best taken before breakfast. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels are similar. Metabolized in the liver by acetylation; excretion in urine (some unchanged drug). Dosage adjustment may be needed for liver impairment, but not for kidney impairment.
- Indications: Tuberculosis.
- Side effects: Hypersensitivity reactions (skin rashes, fever), hepatitis (most frequent serious side effect, risk increases with age, pregnancy, and postpartum), peripheral neuritis (caused by pyridoxine deficiency), which is correctable with pyridoxine supplementation.
Other Antituberculosis Drugs (brief overview)
-
Rifampicin: Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase; used for tuberculosis, leprosy, and meningitis prophylaxis. Side effects: nausea, vomiting, rash, fever, harmless orange discoloration of fluids (urine, sweat, tears). Interactions with other medications may affect their effectiveness.
-
Ethambutol: Inhibits RNA synthesis (prevents growth of resistant mutants). Side effect: Retrobulbar neuritis (loss of visual acuity) and color blindness, contraindicated in children due to difficulty assessing side effects.
-
Pyrazinamide: Action unknown, but likely inhibits protein synthesis in tubercle bacilli. Side effects: liver damage, gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic skin rashes, gout.
-
Streptomycin: Inhibits protein synthesis (binding with 30S ribosomal subunit). Side effects: hypersensitivity reactions, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, vestibular nerve damage, nephrotoxicity, superinfection, interactions with other medications.
-
Ethionamide: Inhibits protein synthesis in tubercle bacilli. Side effects: allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances.
-
Other drugs: Additional drugs are mentioned, but specifics are not elaborated on in a way that is informative enough for a summary here.
Leprosy
- Caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
- Causes characteristic skin and peripheral nerve lesions.
- Drugs: Sulphones (e.g., dapsone), phenazines (e.g., clofazimine), anti-tubercular drugs (e.g., rifampicin), others (e.g., thiambutosine, amithiozone).
Antifungal Drugs (overview)
- Classification: Systemic (e.g. amphotericin B, flucytosine, azoles—ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, griseofulvin). Topical (e.g. nystatin, topical azoles).
- Systemic antifungal drugs: Used for systemic fungal infections. Side effects may include renal failure, hypotension, anemia, hypersensitivity.
- Topical antifungal drugs: Used for localized infections (skin, mucous membranes, vagina).
Antiprotozoal Drugs (overview)
- Malaria: Caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
- Life cycle: Includes sporozoite, liver, and erythrocytic stages.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential information regarding quinolones and antituberculosis drugs. It includes details on contraindications, clinical features of tuberculosis, and the classification of first-line and second-line antituberculosis medications. Test your knowledge about the interactions and impacts of these drugs on various populations and conditions.
