Antimicrobial Agents: Macrolides and Oxazolidinones
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Questions and Answers

Which antibiotic is used to treat TB and works by inhibiting mRNA synthesis?

  • Vancomycin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Penicillin G
  • Rifampicin (correct)

    • What is the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones?

  • Inhibiting mRNA synthesis
  • Inhibiting protein synthesis
  • Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
  • Inhibiting DNA gyrase function (correct)

    • Which antibiotic is a time-dependent killer and works by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis?

  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Rifampicin
  • Penicillin G
  • Vancomycin (correct)

    • What is the mechanism of resistance to macrolides?

    <p>Modification of the antibiotic target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the parent drug of Fluoroquinolones?

    <p>Nalidixic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which beta-lactam antibiotic is used to treat osteomyelitis?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics?

    <p>Inhibiting cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used to treat H. pylori infections?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Amino-PCN’s?

    <p>Extended spectrum of activity against gram + and - organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Linezolid?

    <p>Inhibiting the formation of the 70s ribosomal initiation complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole?

    <p>Increasing the formation of reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the excretion pathway of Clarithromycin?

    <p>Renal and biliary excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is contraindicated in patients with renal or liver impairment?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Clindamycin on the production of toxic shock and other toxins?

    <p>Inhibits the production of toxic shock and other toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Lincosamide antibiotics?

    <p>Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by blocking the formation of the 50s ribosomal initiation complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of antibiotic activity exhibited by Clindamycin at high concentrations?

    <p>Bactericidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics has bactericidal activity against anaerobes?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the spectrum of activity of Clarithromycin?

    <p>Same as Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of tetracyclines in bacteria?

    <p>Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the activity of Linezolid against most organisms?

    <p>Bacteriostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is effective against MRSA and is often used in combination with sulfamethoxazole?

    <p>Trimethoprim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of resistance to macrolides in bacteria?

    <p>Modification of 50S subunit binding site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is NOT affected by food interference?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of tetracyclines in children under 12 years old?

    <p>Teeth discoloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim)?

    <p>Inhibition of folic acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of absorption of tetracyclines in the gut?

    <p>Passive diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following macrolides has the best spectrum of activity against Haemophilus influenzae?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for erythromycin?

    <p>Biliary excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common adverse effect of macrolides that is often remembered using the acronym 'MACRO'?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotic is used for the treatment of severe infections of resistant bacteria?

    <p>Carbapenems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibitors?

    <p>Suicide inactivation of beta-lactamases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides?

    <p>Inhibition of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of Aminoglycosides?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is an example of a Ureidopenicillin?

    <p>Piperacillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of resistance to Aminoglycosides?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of Cephalosporins is Cefotaxime?

    <p>3rd generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of topical Aminoglycosides?

    <p>Short-term therapy for ophthalmic use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is an example of a Monobactam?

    <p>Aztreonam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Carbapenems?

    <p>Inhibition of cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Amoxicillin?

    <p>Disrupts bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Metronidazole often used in antibiotic ulcer treatment?

    <p>Due to bacterial resistance to Amoxicillin and Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Clarithromycin?

    <p>Inhibits protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combining Bismuth with Amoxicillin in antibiotic ulcer treatment?

    <p>To disrupt bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for using Metronidazole instead of Tetracycline in antibiotic ulcer treatment?

    <p>Bacterial resistance to Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

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