Antimicrobial Agents: Macrolides and Oxazolidinones

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Which antibiotic is used to treat TB and works by inhibiting mRNA synthesis?

Vancomycin
Ciprofloxacin
Penicillin G
Rifampicin (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones?

Inhibiting mRNA synthesis
Inhibiting protein synthesis
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Inhibiting DNA gyrase function (correct)

Which antibiotic is a time-dependent killer and works by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis?

Ciprofloxacin
Rifampicin
Penicillin G
Vancomycin (correct)

What is the mechanism of resistance to macrolides?

Modification of the antibiotic target (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment?

Vancomycin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the parent drug of Fluoroquinolones?

Nalidixic acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which beta-lactam antibiotic is used to treat osteomyelitis?

Vancomycin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics?

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is used to treat H. pylori infections?

Amoxicillin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Amino-PCN’s?

Extended spectrum of activity against gram + and - organisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Linezolid?

Inhibiting the formation of the 70s ribosomal initiation complex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole?

Increasing the formation of reactive oxygen species (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the excretion pathway of Clarithromycin?

Renal and biliary excretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is contraindicated in patients with renal or liver impairment?

Metronidazole (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Clindamycin on the production of toxic shock and other toxins?

Inhibits the production of toxic shock and other toxins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Lincosamide antibiotics?

Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by blocking the formation of the 50s ribosomal initiation complex (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of antibiotic activity exhibited by Clindamycin at high concentrations?

Bactericidal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics has bactericidal activity against anaerobes?

Metronidazole (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of activity of Clarithromycin?

Same as Erythromycin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of tetracyclines in bacteria?

Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome subunit (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the activity of Linezolid against most organisms?

Bacteriostatic (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is effective against MRSA and is often used in combination with sulfamethoxazole?

Trimethoprim (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of resistance to macrolides in bacteria?

Modification of 50S subunit binding site (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is NOT affected by food interference?

Doxycycline (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of tetracyclines in children under 12 years old?

Teeth discoloration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim)?

Inhibition of folic acid synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of absorption of tetracyclines in the gut?

Passive diffusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following macrolides has the best spectrum of activity against Haemophilus influenzae?

Azithromycin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for erythromycin?

Biliary excretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common adverse effect of macrolides that is often remembered using the acronym 'MACRO'?

All of the above (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotic is used for the treatment of severe infections of resistant bacteria?

Carbapenems (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibitors?

Suicide inactivation of beta-lactamases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides?

Inhibition of protein synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of Aminoglycosides?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is an example of a Ureidopenicillin?

Piperacillin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance to Aminoglycosides?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which generation of Cephalosporins is Cefotaxime?

3rd generation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of topical Aminoglycosides?

Short-term therapy for ophthalmic use (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is an example of a Monobactam?

Aztreonam (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Carbapenems?

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Amoxicillin?

Disrupts bacterial cell wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is Metronidazole often used in antibiotic ulcer treatment?

Due to bacterial resistance to Amoxicillin and Tetracycline (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Clarithromycin?

Inhibits protein synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of combining Bismuth with Amoxicillin in antibiotic ulcer treatment?

To disrupt bacterial cell wall (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for using Metronidazole instead of Tetracycline in antibiotic ulcer treatment?

Bacterial resistance to Tetracycline (D) Signup and view all the answers