28 Questions
What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?
Tricyclic glycopeptide
What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
What is a common adverse effect of IV vancomycin administration?
All of the above
What is vancomycin used to treat?
All of the above
What type of bacteria is vancomycin effective against?
Gram-positive bacteria
What can exposure to sunlight cause when taking certain medications?
Rash, itching, redness, or discoloration of the skin
What type of infections are quinolones effective in treating?
Selected community-acquired and nosocomial infections
How are quinolones usually administered?
Orally, but some can be given intravenously for serious infections
What are fluoroquinolones known for?
Being generally very safe antibiotics
What is isoniazid used to treat or prevent?
Tuberculosis (TB) or prevent its return
What is the typical treatment duration for isoniazid and rifampicin for TB?
9 months
What is a characteristic of chloramphenicol in neonates?
Ashen gray skin discoloration
Why are sulfonamides bacteriostatic?
They inhibit the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase
What is a possible consequence of taking sulfonamides for a long period of time?
Increased risk of infections
Why should individuals taking sulfonamides be extra careful when using oral hygiene products?
To prevent bleeding of the gums
What type of infections are sulfonamides ineffective against?
Viral infections
What is a structural similarity between sulfonamides and another compound?
PABA
What is the primary reason for administering vitamin B6 alongside a commonly used drug for prophylaxis and treatment of TB?
To prevent peripheral neuropathy
What is the duration of the treatment regime for TB that involves rifampin and isoniazid?
6 months
What is the primary indication for the use of rifampin?
Mycobacterial and gram-positive bacterial infections
Why is rifampin rarely used alone?
Due to the risk of resistance developing rapidly
What is the primary use of amphotericin B?
Treating systemic fungal infections
What is the effectiveness of the 6-month treatment regime for TB?
83%
What is the primary indication for the use of nystatin?
Candidal infections of the mucosa, skin, intestinal tract, or vagina
What is the recommended duration of nystatin treatment?
For at least 10 days or for 48 hours after remission of symptoms
How soon can nystatin start to work?
After 2 days
What is the recommended dosage frequency for nystatin suspension?
Every 6 hours
Why is it important to continue taking nystatin for 2 days after symptoms resolve?
To prevent the infection from coming back
Test your knowledge on antimicrobial agents, including vancomycin, a tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by gram positive bacteria. Learn about its mechanism of action and uses.
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