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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of hypertension?
What is the definition of hypertension?
- Diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mm Hg
- Diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg
- Systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg (correct)
- Systolic blood pressure greater than 120 mm Hg
What leads to increased arteriolar resistance in hypertension?
What leads to increased arteriolar resistance in hypertension?
- Decreased peripheral vascular smooth muscle tone
- Increased peripheral vascular arteriolar smooth muscle tone (correct)
- Reduced cardiac output
- Low arterial blood pressure
What are the potential consequences of chronic hypertension?
What are the potential consequences of chronic hypertension?
- Congestive heart failure (correct)
- Osteoporosis
- Type 1 diabetes
- Gastric ulcers
How is arterial blood pressure related to cardiac output?
How is arterial blood pressure related to cardiac output?
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How many categories is hypertension classified into for treatment management?
How many categories is hypertension classified into for treatment management?
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Study Notes
Hypertension Definition
- Hypertension is a medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the arteries.
Factors Contributing to Increased Arteriolar Resistance
- Increased arteriolar resistance in hypertension is led by:
- Vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
- Hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle (thickening of blood vessel walls)
- Increased blood volume
Potential Consequences of Chronic Hypertension
- Chronic hypertension can lead to:
- Cardiovascular disease (heart disease, heart failure, and stroke)
- Kidney damage (nephrosclerosis)
- Vision loss (hypertensive retinopathy)
- Cognitive decline and dementia
Arterial Blood Pressure and Cardiac Output
- Arterial blood pressure is directly proportional to cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute)
Classification of Hypertension for Treatment Management
- Hypertension is classified into two categories for treatment management:
- Primary (essential) hypertension (no identifiable cause)
- Secondary hypertension (caused by underlying medical conditions or medications)
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