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Questions and Answers
What is the science that deals with the effects of drugs on living systems?
What is the science that deals with the effects of drugs on living systems?
- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmaceutics
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacology (correct)
What is the chapter number of 'Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular Function'?
What is the chapter number of 'Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular Function'?
- 4 (correct)
- 6
- 3
- 5
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones'?
- Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System
- Endocrine Pharmacology (correct)
- General Pharmacology
- Renal Pharmacology
What is the chapter number of 'Autacoids and Respiratory System'?
What is the chapter number of 'Autacoids and Respiratory System'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'Antidiarrhoeal Agents'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'Antidiarrhoeal Agents'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'Fluorides'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'Fluorides'?
What is the chapter number of 'Chemotherapy'?
What is the chapter number of 'Chemotherapy'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'Antiepileptic Drugs'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'Antiepileptic Drugs'?
What is the chapter number of 'Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System'?
What is the chapter number of 'Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'General Anaesthetics'?
What is the title of the chapter that deals with 'General Anaesthetics'?
What is the main advantage of the intravenous route of drug administration?
What is the main advantage of the intravenous route of drug administration?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
What is the maximum volume of a drug that can be given at a time through the intramuscular route?
What is the maximum volume of a drug that can be given at a time through the intramuscular route?
What is the bioavailability of a drug administered through the intravenous route?
What is the bioavailability of a drug administered through the intravenous route?
Which of the following is an example of a slow intravenous injection?
Which of the following is an example of a slow intravenous injection?
What is the main advantage of the intramuscular route over the oral route?
What is the main advantage of the intramuscular route over the oral route?
What is the main disadvantage of the intravenous route of drug administration?
What is the main disadvantage of the intravenous route of drug administration?
Which of the following is an example of a drug that can be given through the intramuscular route?
Which of the following is an example of a drug that can be given through the intramuscular route?
What is the outcome of a high ratio of a drug's distribution?
What is the outcome of a high ratio of a drug's distribution?
What is the primary site of action of thiopentone after intravenous administration?
What is the primary site of action of thiopentone after intravenous administration?
What is the term for the process by which a drug diffuses from highly perfused tissues to less-perfused tissues?
What is the term for the process by which a drug diffuses from highly perfused tissues to less-perfused tissues?
Which of the following drugs is not capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier?
Which of the following drugs is not capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier?
What is the purpose of thiopentone in anaesthesia?
What is the purpose of thiopentone in anaesthesia?
What is the consequence of chronic use of drugs that accumulate in tissues or organs?
What is the consequence of chronic use of drugs that accumulate in tissues or organs?
What is the characteristic of endothelial cells in brain capillaries?
What is the characteristic of endothelial cells in brain capillaries?
What is the effect of pathological states such as meningitis and encephalitis on the blood-brain barrier?
What is the effect of pathological states such as meningitis and encephalitis on the blood-brain barrier?
What is the name of the lipid membrane between a mother and fetus?
What is the name of the lipid membrane between a mother and fetus?
Which of the following drugs cannot cross the placental barrier?
Which of the following drugs cannot cross the placental barrier?
What is the result of plasma protein binding on drug absorption?
What is the result of plasma protein binding on drug absorption?
What happens to the metabolism of highly plasma protein-bound drugs?
What happens to the metabolism of highly plasma protein-bound drugs?
What is the enzyme responsible for metabolizing succinylcholine?
What is the enzyme responsible for metabolizing succinylcholine?
Why is the excretion of highly plasma protein-bound drugs delayed?
Why is the excretion of highly plasma protein-bound drugs delayed?
What is the effect of high plasma protein binding on the duration of action of a drug?
What is the effect of high plasma protein binding on the duration of action of a drug?
What is the duration of action of succinylcholine in individuals with typical pseudocholinesterase?
What is the duration of action of succinylcholine in individuals with typical pseudocholinesterase?
What is the reason for the difference in duration of action between sulphadiazine and sulphadoxine?
What is the reason for the difference in duration of action between sulphadiazine and sulphadoxine?
What is the result of atypical pseudocholinesterase metabolizing succinylcholine?
What is the result of atypical pseudocholinesterase metabolizing succinylcholine?
What is the result of high plasma protein binding on the volume of distribution of a drug?
What is the result of high plasma protein binding on the volume of distribution of a drug?
What is the importance of G6PD activity in RBCs?
What is the importance of G6PD activity in RBCs?
What is the result of simultaneous administration of certain drugs?
What is the result of simultaneous administration of certain drugs?
What is the effect of enzyme induction on the metabolism of drugs?
What is the effect of enzyme induction on the metabolism of drugs?
What is an example of an enzyme inducer?
What is an example of an enzyme inducer?
What is the result of rifampicin inducing the metabolism of oral contraceptives?
What is the result of rifampicin inducing the metabolism of oral contraceptives?
Flashcards
Pharmacology
Pharmacology
The science that studies the effects of drugs on living organisms.
Drug Absorption
Drug Absorption
The passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream.
Drug Distribution
Drug Distribution
The distribution of a drug throughout the body.
Drug Redistribution
Drug Redistribution
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Drug Elimination
Drug Elimination
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Oral Route
Oral Route
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Intramuscular (i.m.) Route
Intramuscular (i.m.) Route
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Intravenous (i.v.) Route
Intravenous (i.v.) Route
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Bioavailability
Bioavailability
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Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
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Placental Barrier
Placental Barrier
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Plasma Protein Binding
Plasma Protein Binding
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Enzyme Induction
Enzyme Induction
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Enzyme Inhibition
Enzyme Inhibition
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Half-Life
Half-Life
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics
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Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics
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Dose-Response Relationship
Dose-Response Relationship
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Efficacy
Efficacy
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Potency
Potency
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Affinity
Affinity
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Agonist
Agonist
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Antagonist
Antagonist
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Therapeutic Effects
Therapeutic Effects
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Adverse Effects
Adverse Effects
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Therapeutic Index
Therapeutic Index
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Idiosyncratic Reactions
Idiosyncratic Reactions
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Drug Tolerance
Drug Tolerance
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Drug Dependence
Drug Dependence
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Addiction
Addiction
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Study Notes
General Pharmacology
- Pharmacology: The science that deals with the effects of drugs on living systems.
Routes of Drug Administration
- Oral Route: Drug absorption is slow, hence not suitable for emergencies.
- Intramuscular (i.m.) Route:
- Advantages: Rapid absorption, can be used for depot injections, and mild irritants.
- Disadvantages: Aseptic conditions are needed, painful, and may cause abscess.
- Intravenous (i.v.) Route:
- Advantages: 100% bioavailability, quick onset of action, and can be used for large volume of fluid administration.
- Disadvantages: Once the drug is injected, its action cannot be halted, and local irritation may cause phlebitis.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: The rate and extent of drug absorption depend on the route of administration.
- Distribution: The distribution of a drug depends on its lipid solubility, ionization, and protein binding.
- Redistribution: The process of drug diffusion from areas of high blood flow to areas of low blood flow, leading to termination of drug action.
- Drug Reservoirs or Tissue Storage: Certain drugs can be concentrated or accumulated in tissues or organs, leading to toxicity on chronic use.
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
- Definition: The capillary boundary that separates the blood and brain.
- Characteristics: Lipid-soluble and unionized forms of drugs can cross the BBB, while lipid-insoluble and ionized particles cannot.
Placental Barrier
- Definition: The lipid membrane that separates the mother and fetus.
- Characteristics: Certain drugs can cross the placenta and affect the fetus/newborn.
Plasma Protein Binding
- Definition: The binding of drugs to plasma proteins like albumin and α1 acid glycoprotein.
- Clinical Importance:
- Favors drug absorption.
- Delays drug metabolism.
- Bound form is not available for filtration at the glomeruli.
- Highly protein-bound drugs have a longer duration of action.
Enzyme Induction and Inhibition
- Enzyme Induction: The increased synthesis of microsomal enzymes due to repeated administration of certain drugs.
- Enzyme Inhibition: The decrease in microsomal enzyme activity due to the presence of certain drugs.
- Clinical Importance:
- Enzyme induction may accelerate the metabolism of drugs, leading to therapeutic failure.
- Autoinduction may lead to the development of drug tolerance.
- Enzyme induction can lead to drug toxicity.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of pharmacology, including general pharmacology concepts and principles.
