30 Questions
What is the main function of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) in the process of immune response?
To activate T cells and help them recognize antigens
What is the primary function of Class II MHC molecules in the immune response?
To help T helper cells recognize antigenic peptides
What is the process by which Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) take in foreign substances?
Endocytosis and phagocytosis
What is the main difference between Class I and Class II MHC molecules?
Class I MHC molecules are recognized by TC cells, while Class II MHC molecules are recognized by TH cells
What is the outcome when a TH cell recognizes an antigen-MHC complex on an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)?
The TH cell is activated to recognize the antigen
What is the function of MHC molecules in the immune response?
To act as identification tags for the immune system
What is the primary role of M1 macrophages in the immune response?
To initiate the inflammatory response by releasing chemokines
Which type of macrophage is responsible for monitoring for signs of infection or abnormalities in tissues?
Resident Macrophages
What is the primary function of neutrophils in response to infection or trauma?
To phagocytically eliminate harmful microbes
What is the function of cytokines produced by macrophages?
To recruit and activate other immune cells, such as leukocytes
What is the role of macrophages in cell-mediated immunity?
To act as effector cells in response to T cell signals
What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune response?
To act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
What is the main difference between resident macrophages and inflammatory macrophages?
Resident macrophages are involved in tissue repair, while inflammatory macrophages are involved in inflammation
What is the consequence of mutations in the IL-10 receptor in Crohn's disease?
More severe and worsening symptoms of Crohn's disease
What is the role of macrophages in the healing process after injury or infection?
To assist in the healing process by secreting growth factors and enzymes
What is the primary function of eosinophils?
To release cytotoxic granules to eliminate pathogens
What is the purpose of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Crohn's disease?
To replace damaged cells with functional IL-10 receptors
What is the primary function of mast cells in the immune response?
To respond to danger stimuli and initiate an immune response
What is the role of follicular dendritic cells in the immune response?
To display antigens to B-cells
What is the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides in damaging bacteria?
Membrane disruption, nutrient sequestration, and enzymatic degradation
What is the role of granulocytes in the immune response?
To kill microbes by releasing toxins
What is the function of stomach acid and enzymes in innate immunity?
To kill many pathogens
What is the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in innate immunity?
To damage bacterial DNA, proteins, and cell structure
What is the function of cytokines in the immune response?
To act as messengers, telling other cells what to do
What is the primary function of the proteins C3a and C5a in the immune response?
To help the immune system fight infections, clean up debris, and promote immune responses
What is the trigger for the classical pathway of complement activation?
The binding of antibodies to antigens on the surface of pathogens
What is the crucial enzyme formed in the classical pathway of complement activation?
C3 convertase
What is the outcome of the alternative pathway of complement activation?
The formation of the membrane-attack complex and cell lysis
What is the role of lectins in the lectin pathway of complement activation?
To bind to specific sugars on the surface of pathogens
What is the common outcome of all three pathways of complement activation?
The formation of the membrane-attack complex and cell lysis
Learn about the role of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) in the immune response, including how they process and present antigens to T cells. Understand the importance of class II MHC molecules and the activation of TH cells.
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