Antiemetic Drugs Table - PDF

Antiemetic Drugs ================ Antiemetic Group Members Mechanism of Action Therapeutic/Antiemetic Uses Adver...

Antiemetic Drugs ================ Antiemetic Group Members Mechanism of Action Therapeutic/Antiemetic Uses Adverse Effects ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- H1-receptor antagonists Cyclizine, Meclizine Block H1 receptors in the vomiting center and vestibular pathways Motion sickness, vestibular-related nausea Sedation, dry mouth Muscarinic antagonists Hyoscine (Scopolamine) Block muscarinic receptors in the vestibular system Motion sickness, postoperative nausea Dry mouth, blurred vision 5-HT3 antagonists Ondansetron, Dolasetron, Palonosetron Block 5-HT3 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and GI tract Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) Headache, constipation, QT prolongation Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Prochlorperazine Block dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone Drug-induced nausea, gastroenteritis, PONV Extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperprolactinemia NK1 receptor antagonists Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant Block neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors in the brain CINV, PONV Fatigue, dizziness Cannabinoids Nabilone Activate cannabinoid receptors in the CNS CINV refractory to other treatments Euphoria, dizziness, dry mouth Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Pyridoxine Exact mechanism unclear, used in pregnancy-associated nausea Pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting Minimal, well-tolerated Corticosteroids Dexamethasone Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and reduce inflammation in the vomiting center CINV, PONV, refractory nausea Insomnia, increased appetite Benzodiazepines Lorazepam Enhance GABAergic activity, reducing anticipatory nausea Anticipatory nausea and vomiting Sedation, dependence