Anticancer Drugs 2
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the general toxicities of anticancer drugs on rapidly dividing normal cells?

  • Myelosuppression (correct)
  • Alopecia
  • Hypertension
  • Immunosuppression

    • What is a side effect of anticancer drugs on the gut mucosa?

  • Kidney failure
  • GI ulcers (correct)
  • Liver damage
  • Heart failure

    • What is a side effect of anticancer drugs on the skin and hair?

  • Vitiligo
  • Alopecia (correct)
  • Hirsutism
  • Psoriasis

    • What is a side effect of anticancer drugs on the gonads?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of anticancer drugs on the fetus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

    <p>Hyperuricemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the learning outcome for listing drugs belonging to specific groups?

    <p>Anticancer 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the learning outcome for explaining the general toxicities of anticancer drugs?

    <p>Anticancer 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticancer drug is known to cause cardiotoxicity?

    <p>Doxorubicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the learning outcome for listing the specific toxicities of certain anticancer agents?

    <p>Anticancer 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer drugs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the learning outcome for explaining the role of drug combinations in cancer therapy?

    <p>Anticancer 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of nausea and vomiting in patients taking anticancer drugs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anticancer drugs is associated with pulmonary fibrosis?

    <p>Bleomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary use of Ondansetron in cancer treatment?

    <p>Controlling cytotoxic drug-induced vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of recombinant colony stimulating factor in cancer treatment?

    <p>Hastening recovery from myelosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Amifostine used for in cancer treatment?

    <p>Preventing nephrotoxicity caused by Cisplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

    <p>Acute kidney injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method to reduce nephrotoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin infusion?

    <p>Vigorous hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering mesna before chemotherapy?

    <p>To reduce hemorrhagic cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of dexrazoxane in doxorubicin administration?

    <p>Reduces cardiotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of leucovorin (folinic acid) in methotrexate toxicity?

    <p>To reverse methotrexate toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can urate nephropathy be reduced?

    <p>By alkalinization of urine and plenty of fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of mesna in preventing hemorrhagic cystitis?

    <p>By interacting with acrolein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of doxorubicin's cardiotoxicity?

    <p>Impacts patient prognosis and reduces survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does folinic acid reverse methotrexate toxicity?

    <p>By forming THFA and bypassing dihydrofolate reductase enzyme pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of vigorously hydrating patients before, during, and after cisplatin infusion?

    <p>To reduce nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of allopurinol in cancer treatment?

    <p>To block the conversion of xanthine to uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering normal saline solution in cancer treatment?

    <p>To flush out the remnants of uric acid through the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of adjuvant chemotherapy?

    <p>To prevent relapse after surgery or radiotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is xerostomia, and how is it treated in cancer patients?

    <p>A side effect of chemotherapy, treated with artificial saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combination of drugs used in the induction phase of Acute Myeloid Leukemia treatment?

    <p>Cytarabine + Daunorubicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are drugs given in pulses with 2-3 week intervals in cancer treatment?

    <p>To allow normal cells to recover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of giving several cycles of chemotherapy?

    <p>To achieve eradication of cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the regimen used to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma?

    <p>ABVD regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using drug combinations in cancer therapy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a principle of drug combinations for cancer chemotherapy?

    <p>Combine drugs with different mechanisms of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the regimen used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

    <p>CHOP regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using drug combinations in cancer chemotherapy?

    <p>To eradicate cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using intermittent schedule of drug treatment in cancer therapy?

    <p>To reduce the toxicity of individual drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid combining drugs with significant toxicity overlap in cancer therapy?

    <p>To minimize the risk of adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is drug X given to a patient with choriocarcinoma treated with high doses of methotrexate?

    <p>To overcome hematological toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintenance therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To recover from acute toxic effects of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for a drug to be used in combination with other drugs in cancer therapy?

    <p>The drug must be active as a single agent against the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the regimen used to treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the maintenance phase?

    <p>Cytarabine + Daunorubicin/Etoposide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Toxicities of Anticancer Drugs

    • Toxic to rapidly dividing normal cells, including bone marrow cells, gut mucosa, skin, hair, gonads, and fetuses
    • Myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and suppression of lymphoreticular system leading to increased bleeding, immunosuppression, and opportunistic infections
    • Tumor Lysis Syndrome, causing hyperuricemia, urate nephropathy, and acute kidney injury
    • Hypersensitivity reactions, including rashes, chills, fever, and anaphylaxis
    • Nausea and vomiting due to activation of dopamine, 5-HT3, serotonin, neurokinin-1, and cholecystokinin

    Specific Toxicities of Anticancer Drugs

    • Cyclophosphamide: hemorrhagic cystitis
    • Doxorubicin: cardiotoxicity
    • Bleomycin: pulmonary fibrosis
    • Vincristine: neuropathy, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
    • Cisplatin: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
    • Methotrexate: hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and megaloblastic anemia

    Minimizing Toxicities of Anticancer Drugs

    • Use of ondansetron to control cytotoxic drug-induced vomiting
    • Platelet and/or granulocyte transfusion after treatment to prevent bleeding or infection
    • Bone marrow transplantation
    • Recombinant colony-stimulating factor to hasten recovery from cytotoxic drug-induced myelosuppression
    • Amifostine to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
    • Vigorous hydration before, during, and after cisplatin infusion to reduce nephrotoxicity
    • Mesna to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide
    • Dexrazoxane to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
    • Leucovorin to reverse methotrexate toxicity
    • Allopurinol, alkalinization of urine, and plenty of fluids to reduce urate nephropathy

    Role of Drug Combinations in Cancer Therapy

    • Enhanced effect by achieving maximal cell killing
    • Broader range of attack on heterogeneous cells
    • Reduced resistance by early/rapid cell kill
    • Reduced toxicity of individual drugs

    Principles of Drug Combinations for Cancer Chemotherapy

    • Drug must be active as a single agent against the tumor being treated
    • Combine drugs with different mechanisms of action
    • Avoid combinations with significant toxicity overlap
    • Use intermittent schedule of drug treatment
    • Several cycles of chemotherapy should be given to achieve eradication
    • Adjuvant chemotherapy is given to prevent relapse after surgery or radiotherapy

    Drug Combinations for Specific Cancers

    • Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Cytarabine + Daunorubicin (induction), Cytarabine + Daunorubicin/Etoposide (maintenance)
    • Hodgkin’s lymphoma: ABVD regimen (Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine), MOPP regimen (Mechlorethamine, Vincristine, Procarbazine, and Prednisone)
    • Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: CHOP regimen (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone)

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    Related Documents

    Anticancer Drugs 2 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the classification and mechanisms of anticancer drugs, including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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