Podcast
Questions and Answers
When should antibiotics not be prescribed?
When should antibiotics not be prescribed?
- If the origin of the infection is viral (correct)
- If the patient meets criteria for antibiotic use
- If the patient is immunocompromised
- If the patient is systemically unwell
What is a crucial factor in determining the need for antibiotic referral?
What is a crucial factor in determining the need for antibiotic referral?
- If the patient is systemically unwell (correct)
- If the patient has a mild infection
- Patient's age
- Patient's immune system
Which of the following is a resistant organism?
Which of the following is a resistant organism?
- Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumonia
- Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (correct)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
What is the primary goal of antimicrobial stewardship?
What is the primary goal of antimicrobial stewardship?
What is a strategy recommended by NICE to limit antibiotic use?
What is a strategy recommended by NICE to limit antibiotic use?
What is an important consideration when selecting an antibiotic?
What is an important consideration when selecting an antibiotic?
Which of the following is not a resistant organism?
Which of the following is not a resistant organism?
Why is it important to consider the patient's immune system when prescribing antibiotics?
Why is it important to consider the patient's immune system when prescribing antibiotics?
What is the purpose of guidelines in antibiotic use?
What is the purpose of guidelines in antibiotic use?
What is a sign of active infection?
What is a sign of active infection?
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Study Notes
Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing Situations
- Bacterial colonisation without symptoms
- Viral infections
Antibiotic Mechanism of Action
- Exploits differences in bacterial structure
- Targets bacterial cell walls, metabolic pathways, ribosomes, and DNA synthesis
Antibiotic Resistance
- Develops through transmission of resistance genes between bacteria (conjugation, transposons, and integrons)
- Mechanisms of resistance include enzyme inactivation (e.g., beta-lactamase)
Factors to Consider when Deciding on Antibiotic Duration
- Balancing patient acceptability and compliance with eradication of the infection
Spectrum of Action of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
- Includes penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams
Preventing Spread of Infection
- Key measures to prevent spread of infection
Role of Radiology in Diagnosing Infection
- Explains the role of radiology in diagnosing infection
Antibiotic Mechanism of Action Groups
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
- Cell membrane synthesis inhibitors
- Protein synthesis inhibitors
- DNA synthesis inhibitors
- Folate synthesis inhibitors
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
- Beta lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams)
- Non-beta lactam antibiotics (glycopeptides, e.g., vancomycin and teicoplanin)
Situations Warranting Antibiotic Referral
- Systemically unwell patients
- Patients meeting specific criteria (e.g., Centor and sore throat)
- Immunocompromised patients
- Patients with signs of active infections (e.g., fever, chills, muscle aches, coughing)
Antimicrobial Stewardship
- Importance of limiting antibiotic use to avoid resistance
- NICE-recommended strategies for antimicrobial stewardship
Types of Resistant Organisms
- Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- Vancomycin resistant enterococcus
- Multi drug resistant TB
- Carbapenem resistant enterobacteria (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella)
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