Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Agents Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Antibiotics that affect protein synthesis target the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

True

Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by preventing attachment to the 30S ribosomal subunit?

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

What is Erythromycin a member of?

macrolide group of antibiotics

Rifamycins affect mRNA production by inhibiting the ____________.

<p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MRSA stand for?

<p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vancomycin is effective against all antibiotic-resistant infections.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do some bacteria eliminate the effectiveness of antibiotics?

<p>Via efflux pumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acquired resistance through bacterial conjugation is described as intrinsic resistance.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are genes for enzymes that inactivate antibiotics usually carried?

<p>plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that prevents the growth of a microorganism?

<p>minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the disc diffusion method, antibiotics diffuse inwards from the center of the disc.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limits the usefulness of polyene antibiotics in fungal infections?

<p>They may also affect human cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does acyclovir inhibit?

<p>viral DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acyclovir has been used in the treatment of AIDS.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following Fleming's discovery of penicillin, ____________ were largely responsible for developing it.

<p>pharmaceutical companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is essential for an antimicrobial agent to have _______________ to avoid affecting host cells.

<p>selective toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Penicillins and cephalosporins both belong to the _____________ group of antibiotics.

<p>beta-lactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

They bind to the _____________ enzyme, preventing the extension of the peptide chain during protein synthesis.

<p>transpeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ penicillins such as ampicillin have been developed to overcome some of the problems inherent in naturally occurring forms.

<p>Semisynthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ was the first antibiotic to show effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria.

<p>Glycopeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ have a particularly broad range of specificity and act by preventing extension of the peptide chain during protein synthesis.

<p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antibiotics that affect protein synthesis target the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ______________.

<p>ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aminoglycoside antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by preventing attachment of the _____________ subunit.

<p>30S</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another member of the macrolide group of antibiotics often used?

<p>Clarithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Agents

  • Antibiotics affect protein synthesis, targeting differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics block protein synthesis by preventing attachment to the ribosome's subunit
  • Rifamycins affect mRNA production by inhibiting the enzyme RNA polymerase
  • MRSA is a major antibiotic-resistant organism frequently found in hospitals
  • Some bacteria pump antibiotics out of the cell before they can act
  • Antibiotic resistance can be acquired through bacterial conjugation
  • Genes for enzymes that inactivate antibiotics are often carried on plasmids
  • The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that prevents growth is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
  • In the disk diffusion method, the antibiotic diffuses outward to affect bacteria
  • Polyene antibiotics are less effective against human cells due to their low efficacy
  • Acyclovir is an antiviral agent that inhibits viral replication

Antibiotic Discovery and Use

  • Penicillin is one of the first antibiotics to treat Gram-negative bacteria
  • Penicillins and Cephalosporins inhibit the formation of peptidoglycans in bacterial cell walls
  • Phage therapy is an alternative approach to antibiotic treatments

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Description

Test your knowledge on the mechanisms and effects of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. This quiz covers topics such as protein synthesis inhibition, antibiotic resistance, and the various types of antibiotics and their uses. Perfect for students in microbiology or pharmacology courses.

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