Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Gentamicin
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Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Gentamicin

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Questions and Answers

What type of infections is intrathecal administration primarily used to treat?

  • Viral encephalitis
  • Bacterial pneumonia
  • Meningitis caused by gram-negative bacteria (correct)
  • Meningitis caused by gram-positive bacteria

    • What is a notable adverse reaction associated with using gentamicin for more than 3–5 days?

  • Ototoxicity
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity (correct)
  • Hepatotoxicity

    • What is the primary use of the medication discussed?

  • Treating serious infections resistant to gentamicin (correct)
  • Maintaining regular blood pressure
  • Treating common colds
  • Preventing infections post-surgery

    • Which statement accurately reflects the administration of the medication?

    <p>The administration method corresponds to that of gentamicin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major cause of antibiotic resistance related to aminoglycosides?

    <p>Production of enzymes that deactivate aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin is mentioned in the content?

    <p>Reversible and mild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice regarding therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) when administering gentamicin?

    <p>It is necessary to prevent nephrotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does decreased uptake contribute to antibiotic resistance?

    <p>It occurs due to the mutation or deletion of transport proteins like porins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infections is the medication specifically NOT used for?

    <p>Mild bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what percentage of patients does nephrotoxicity occur when gentamicin is used for extended periods?

    <p>5–25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the medication considered significant?

    <p>It is utilized for serious infections that are resistant to gentamicin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a process that can lead to decreased uptake of antibiotics?

    <p>Mutation or deletion of porin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the oxygen-dependent transport process play in antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Its dysfunction can lead to decreased antibiotic absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the conditions under which the medication is prescribed?

    <p>Only after gentamicin has proven ineffective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least likely to contribute to antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Enhancement of cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to the receptor protein on the 30S ribosomal subunit due to a mutation?

    <p>It may be deleted or altered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the alteration of the receptor protein on the 30S ribosomal subunit affect the ribosome?

    <p>It can disrupt normal translation processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a possible consequence of a mutation affecting the 30S ribosomal subunit's receptor protein?

    <p>Decreased antibiotic sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the receptor protein on the 30S ribosomal subunit play in cellular processes?

    <p>It facilitates mRNA binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct effect of deleting or altering the receptor protein on the 30S ribosomal subunit?

    <p>It may reduce the effectiveness of ribosome inhibitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of bacteria are neomycin and kanamycin active against?

    <p>Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and some mycobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of neomycin and kanamycin in terms of their bacterial activity?

    <p>They demonstrate antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between neomycin and kanamycin?

    <p>They are closely related antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microbes, aside from bacteria, are neomycin and kanamycin specifically noted to affect?

    <p>Some mycobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of microbial resistance, which of the following statements is true about neomycin and kanamycin?

    <p>They have similar antimicrobial activity but different resistance profiles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms

    • Enzyme Production: Bacteria can produce enzymes that inactivate aminoglycosides, preventing them from working.
    • Decreased Uptake: Mutations or deletions in bacterial porins, proteins involved in transport, can reduce the amount of antibiotic that enters the bacteria
    • Increased Efflux: Some bacteria have pumps that actively remove antibiotics from their cells, reducing the concentration of the drug inside.
    • Target Modification: Mutations in the bacterial ribosome, the target of aminoglycosides, can prevent the antibiotics from binding.

    Gentamicin

    • Use: Treatment of meningitis caused by gram-negative bacteria.
    • Administration: Intrathecal administration
    • Adverse Effects: Nephrotoxicity (reversible and mild), occurring in 5-25% of patients receiving gentamicin for more than 3-5 days.

    Neomycin & Kanamycin

    • Relationship: Neomycin and kanamycin are closely related antibiotics.
    • Antimicrobial Activity: Active against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and some mycobacteria.
    • Usage: Used for serious infections, particularly those resistant to gentamicin.
    • Dosage and Administration: Dose and route of administration are the same as gentamicin.

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    Description

    Explore the mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics, focusing specifically on aminoglycosides. This quiz also covers the use, administration, and adverse effects of gentamicin as well as the relationships between neomycin and kanamycin.

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