Antibacterial Agents
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary route of administration for cephalexin?

  • IV
  • Oral (correct)
  • IM
  • Topical
  • Which generation of cephalosporins is effective against MRSA?

  • Fourth generation
  • First generation
  • Fifth generation (correct)
  • Third generation
  • What is the primary mechanism of excretion for cephalosporins?

  • Hepatic metabolism
  • Renal excretion (correct)
  • Biliary excretion
  • Salivary excretion
  • Which of the following cephalosporins does not cross the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Cefaclor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for piperacillin/tazobactam?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for dose reduction in cephalosporin therapy?

    <p>Renal impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of β-lactam antimicrobials?

    <p>Inhibiting cell wall synthesis by binding to transpeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transpeptidase in bacterial cell wall synthesis?

    <p>Catalyzing the formation of cross-links between peptide and glycan backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of elimination for penicillins?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following penicillins is resistant to β-lactamase enzymes?

    <p>Flucloxacillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of food on the absorption of amoxicillin?

    <p>Decreases absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of probenecid on the excretion of penicillin?

    <p>Decreases excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cross reactivity is estimated with penicillins?

    <p>1-2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary Gram positive bacteria covered by 5th generation Cephalosporins?

    <p>MRSA and enterococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical use of 2nd generation Cephalosporins?

    <p>Surgical prophylaxis, UTI, and respiratory tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of Cephalosporins on the nervous system?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between 3rd generation Cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime) and 3rd generation Cephalosporins (ceftazidime)?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary Gram negative bacteria covered by Aztreonam?

    <p>Aerobic Gram negative bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of glycopeptide antimicrobials?

    <p>Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by interacting with the terminal amino acids of the side chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carbapenems does NOT cover Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

    <p>Ertapenem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for carbapenems?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using carbapenems?

    <p>Treatment of resistant bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of carbapenem use?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycopeptide antibiotic can be used orally for the treatment of C. difficile?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of polymixins?

    <p>Interaction with LPS on outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between vancomycin and teicoplanin?

    <p>Vancomycin crosses the blood-brain barrier, while teicoplanin does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for monitoring serum trough levels of glycopeptides?

    <p>To avoid toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of polymixins?

    <p>Treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant Gram negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary side effect of glycopeptides?

    <p>Red man syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for polymixins in patients with cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Nebulised</p> Signup and view all the answers

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