Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

Questions and Answers

By inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria. (correct)

By altering the bacteria's genetic material to make it harmless.

By stimulating the immune system to fight off bacteria.

By directly killing bacteria through a process called bacteriostasis.

Disruption of the natural gut microbiome, leading to digestive issues.

Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. (correct)

Allergic reactions, such as hives or difficulty breathing.

Random mutations in bacterial genes that confer resistance.

Transfer of resistance genes from one bacterium to another.

Exposure to antibiotics causing bacteria to evolve resistance.

All of the above. (correct)

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking antibiotics only when prescribed by a doctor and completing the full course.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Represents a class of antibiotics known as beta-lactams, effective against a wide range of bacteria.
Works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death.
Examples include penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins, and newer agents targeting resistant strains.

Commonly used to treat respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and urinary tract infections.
Effective against specific pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.
Useful in preventative measures for high-risk surgical patients to avoid postoperative infections.

Potential side effects include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and disruption of normal flora.
Overuse and misuse contribute to increasing antimicrobial resistance, making some bacteria more difficult to treat.
Resistance mechanisms include beta-lactamase production, altering cell wall permeability, and efflux pumps, complicating future treatment options.