Anthropology: Historical Roots and Philosophical Relativism
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Questions and Answers

Who among the ancient Greeks wrote detailed accounts of 'barbarian' peoples and compared their customs and beliefs to those of Athens?

  • Aristotle
  • Plato
  • Socrates
  • Herodotos (correct)
  • Which group of philosophers were perhaps the first philosophical relativists, arguing that there can be no absolute truth?

  • Stoics
  • Cynics
  • Epicureans
  • Sophists (correct)
  • What is the main focus of anthropology based on the information provided?

  • Exploration of religious beliefs
  • Study of ancient civilizations
  • Investigation of political systems
  • Study of cultural variation (correct)
  • What is the main reason why Herodotos and the Sophists' interest in human variation and cultural values fell short of being scientific?

    <p>Herodotos lacked theory and the Sophists lacked empirical material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered a more credible ancestor of anthropology, based on the information provided?

    <p>Ibn Khaldun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main achievement of Ibn Khaldun, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Stressing differing forms of social cohesion as a key variable in accounting for historical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Sophists argue, similar to many twentieth-century anthropologists, according to the text?

    <p>They argued that there can be no absolute truth due to context-bound nature of truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who among the following argued that experience was the only trustworthy source of valid knowledge?

    <p>David Hume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher saw the social conditions of 'savages' as a utopian ideal?

    <p>Jean-Jacques Rousseau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who made important contributions to the beginnings of a systematic, comparative study of culture through Lettres Persanes (‘Persian letters’)?

    <p>Baron de Montesquieu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher's philosophical approach became a source of inspiration for early social scientists due to its emphasis on experience?

    <p>David Hume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who tried to combine mathematics and empirical facts to produce general laws of society?

    <p>Marquis de Condorcet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher wrote detailed accounts of other peoples' customs and beliefs in the French Encyclopédie?

    <p>Denis Diderot</p> Signup and view all the answers

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