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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason that cultures exhibit variation?
Which of the following describes culture shock?
What is a potential outcome of cultural relativism?
What are cultural universals primarily adaptations to?
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Which group is described as having a structure similar to professional military forces?
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What does ethnocentrism lead individuals to do?
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What effect does cultural change often have on societies?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of cultural relativism?
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Study Notes
Cultural Variation
- Cultures are shaped by specific circumstances like climate, technology, population, and geography.
- Variations in culture manifest in norms, sanctions, values, and language.
- Cultural diversity arises from human conditions, leading to a plurality in traditions.
- Such diversity can result in discrimination and ostracism against those who do not conform.
Cultural Examples
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Punks:
- Created unique literature, exemplified by fanzines like "Sniffing Glue."
- Their chaotic style is structured and organized despite its appearance.
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Paramilitary:
- Groups such as NPA and ISIS share similarities with professional military organizations regarding structure, tactics, and training.
Cultural Universals
- Customs and practices universally present across cultures (Kendall, 2003).
- Most cultural universals arise as adaptations to fulfill essential human needs, including food, shelter, and clothing.
Ethnocentrism
- Defined as the practice of evaluating other cultures based on one's own cultural standards (Appelbaum Chambliss, 1995).
- Assumes superiority of one’s own lifestyle over others.
Culture Shock
- Refers to feelings of disorientation and fear when engaging with a foreign culture.
- Often arises due to unanticipated cultural differences.
Cultural Change
- Occurs when new lifestyles or ideas are introduced to a culture, commonly through globalization.
Advantages of Cultural Relativism
- Promotes Cooperation: Emphasizing diverse societies leads to stronger bonds.
- Encourages Respect and Equality: Sharing different perspectives fosters mutual respect among varied cultures.
- Preserves Human Cultures: Valuing traditions aids in the retention of diverse cultural practices.
- Creates a Judgment-free Society: Embracing one’s culture reduces societal disagreements and judgments.
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Description
Explore the unique characteristics of various cultures and how they adapt to different circumstances such as climate and geography. This quiz delves into the elements of culture, including norms, values, and language, highlighting the diversity and potential challenges that arise from cultural variations.
