Questions and Answers
What is the dental pattern of Old World higher primates?
2 - 1 - 2 - 3
High, pointed crowns indicate a diet of what?
Insects
Where are living lemurs found?
Madagascar
Which of the following are prosimians? (Select all that apply)
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What are the two suborders of primates?
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What does a wet, snout-like nose in primates indicate?
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What is a key characteristic of modern primates?
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What enhances primates' sense of vision?
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Low, rounded cusps on teeth indicate a diet of what?
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How do primate females reproduce compared to many other mammals?
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What does the suborder prosimians include?
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What do anthropoids include?
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What is the cladistic classification of apes and humans?
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What adaptations are included in prosimian adaptations relative to other primates?
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How do anthropoids differ from prosimians?
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What are prehensile tails?
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What do colobine primates have?
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What does the suborder prosimians include?
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What is arboreal adaptation?
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What does the research paper imply about human ancestors?
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In an MRI scan, what does a large olfactory bulb suggest?
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What does a space between the canine and first premolar in the mandible suggest?
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What type of monkey has grasping abilities in its tail?
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What skull feature is indicative of being fully quadrupedal?
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What is the typical dental formula of lorises and lemurs?
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What is the typical catarrhine dental formula?
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Which primate has a rhinarium?
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What molar morphology is present in chimpanzees?
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Relative to body size, how does primate brain size compare?
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What results from increased brain size observed in primates?
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What does dietary plasticity in primates refer to?
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Why are African monkeys like Miss Waldron's red colobus endangered?
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What feature is unique to human teeth and their ancestors?
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What three prominent tendencies did Sir Wilfrid E. Le Gros Clark identify?
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What type of molars do Old World monkeys have?
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What special lower incisor is found in strepsirhines?
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What is preadaptation?
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Why do primates have long growth and development periods?
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Among all primates, who has the largest brain relative to body size?
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What is the cladistic approach to primate classification based on?
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What does cladistic primate classification include?
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Among all primates, who has the most elaborate connections between different brain regions?
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What does phylogeny refer to?
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What does the variation in living primates help understand?
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What are the characteristics of a strepsirhine?
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What are the primary characteristics of primates?
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What does brachiation refer to?
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How are catarrhines' nostrils structured?
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Study Notes
Primate Classification and Characteristics
- Old World primates have a dental formula of 2 - 1 - 2 - 3.
- Prosimians consist of lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers.
- Anthropoids include monkeys, apes, and humans.
- Prosimians have a wet nose (rhinarium) which is characteristic of strepsirhines.
- Modern primates display arboreal adaptations, prominently featuring opposable thumbs.
- Prehensile tails are unique to some New World monkeys (platyrrhines).
Dietary Adaptations
- High, pointed crowns of teeth indicate an insect-based diet.
- Low, rounded cusps are adapted for a fruit-based diet.
- Colobine primates possess specialized digestive systems for leaf consumption.
- Dietary plasticity allows primates to consume a diverse range of foods.
Sensory and Brain Adaptations
- Enhanced vision in primates is attributed to forward-facing eyes and developed color vision.
- Primates exhibit larger brain sizes, particularly among great apes, highlighting intelligence.
- The evolution of larger brains results in longer nursing and developmental periods.
- Humans possess the largest brain relative to body size among primates.
Reproductive and Social Behavior
- Primate females typically give birth to fewer offspring compared to many other mammals.
- Parental investment is a key behavioral trait in primate evolution.
Evolutionary Insights
- Phylogeny considers evolutionary relationships based on shared traits including physical characteristics and genetics.
- Anatomical classifications explore relationships between chimpanzees and early human ancestors (hominids).
- The cladistic classification approach utilizes anatomical and genetic data for establishing relationships among primate species.
Unique Features
- The typical dental formula for lorises and lemurs is 2 - 1 - 3 - 3.
- Catarrhine nostrils are narrow and face downward, while platyrrhine nostrils are wider and face sideways.
- Strepsirhines uniquely possess a tooth comb, aiding in grooming.
Conservation and Endangerment
- African monkeys, such as Miss Waldron's red colobus, face critical endangerment due to human activities.
Historical Contributions
- Sir Wilfrid E. Le Gros Clark identified key evolutionary trends in primates: arboreal adaptation, parental investment, and dietary plasticity.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts from Chapter 6 of ANTH-130, focusing on the dental patterns and classifications of primates. The quiz includes flashcards to enhance your learning and retention of important information about prosimians and their habitats.
