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Questions and Answers
What does cervical osteophytosis indicate in the skeletal biology of the New York African Burial Ground?
What does cervical osteophytosis indicate in the skeletal biology of the New York African Burial Ground?
Which subfield of biological anthropology focuses specifically on primates?
Which subfield of biological anthropology focuses specifically on primates?
Which age range shows the highest percentage of cervical osteophytosis according to the sample data?
Which age range shows the highest percentage of cervical osteophytosis according to the sample data?
What type of skeletal feature is indicated by the presence of a ring fracture at the base of the skull?
What type of skeletal feature is indicated by the presence of a ring fracture at the base of the skull?
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What is one of the main focuses of human osteology within biological anthropology?
What is one of the main focuses of human osteology within biological anthropology?
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Which subfield of biological anthropology specifically studies ancient people?
Which subfield of biological anthropology specifically studies ancient people?
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What type of analysis is primarily used in Molecular Anthropology?
What type of analysis is primarily used in Molecular Anthropology?
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Which branch of biological anthropology deals with the skeletal remains from archaeological sites?
Which branch of biological anthropology deals with the skeletal remains from archaeological sites?
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What is the main focus of Human Biology within biological anthropology?
What is the main focus of Human Biology within biological anthropology?
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Which of the following is NOT a subfield of biological anthropology?
Which of the following is NOT a subfield of biological anthropology?
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What is the term used to describe the study of recent bones in a legal context?
What is the term used to describe the study of recent bones in a legal context?
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Which group of primates is characterized by having a wet nose and includes lemurs and lorises?
Which group of primates is characterized by having a wet nose and includes lemurs and lorises?
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What does the SLC24A5 gene relate to in terms of human biology?
What does the SLC24A5 gene relate to in terms of human biology?
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What is the age range indicated for the formation of surface ridges and furrows in the pubic symphysis?
What is the age range indicated for the formation of surface ridges and furrows in the pubic symphysis?
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Which phase of the pubic symphysis shows some ridges but is less defined?
Which phase of the pubic symphysis shows some ridges but is less defined?
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What does evidence of trauma in paleopathology typically include?
What does evidence of trauma in paleopathology typically include?
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By what age does the surface of the pubic symphysis typically become smooth and fine-grained?
By what age does the surface of the pubic symphysis typically become smooth and fine-grained?
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What age range corresponds to phase 5 of pubic symphysis development?
What age range corresponds to phase 5 of pubic symphysis development?
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Which nutritional disease is indicated as a form of evidence in paleopathology?
Which nutritional disease is indicated as a form of evidence in paleopathology?
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At what age do permanent teeth typically begin to erupt?
At what age do permanent teeth typically begin to erupt?
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What is one common cultural practice identified in the archaeology of human bones?
What is one common cultural practice identified in the archaeology of human bones?
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Study Notes
Subfields of Biological Anthropology
- Primatology studies non-human primates.
- Paleoanthropology studies ancient people and their evolution.
- Molecular Anthropology uses genetic analysis to answer anthropological questions.
- Human Biology explores human variation and adaptation to the environment.
- Human Osteology studies bones.
Primatology
- There are two types of primates: Strepsirrhine and Haplorhine.
- Strepsirrhine primates are lemurs, lorises, and galagos.
- Haplorhine primates include monkeys, apes, and humans.
Paleoanthropology
- Australopithecus afarensis lived 3.9-2.9 million years ago.
- "Lucy" is a famous Australopithecus afarensis skeleton about 3.2 million years old.
Molecular Anthropology
- Genetic (DNA) analysis can answer anthropological questions.
Human Biology
- Human Variation: people are different, but there is variation in adaptation and evolution.
- SLC24A5 gene flow into East Africa - evidence of adaptation and evolution.
Human Osteology
- Bioarchaeology: the study of human remains from archaeological sites.
- Forensic Anthropology: the study of human remains in legal context and disaster recovery.
- Sex Estimation: bones can be used to determine sex based on features like the pelvis and skull.
- Age Estimation: bones can be used to estimate age using features like tooth eruption and development, epiphysis formation and closure, and the pubic symphysis.
Paleopathology
- Evidence of disease:
- Infectious diseases, like tuberculosis (TB).
- Nutritional deficiencies, like rickets.
- Trauma, like broken bones and wounds.
- Cultural Practices:
- Cranial reshaping - evidence of intentional modification of skulls in some cultures.
Markers of Habitual Activity
- Pressure Facets- evidence of repeated use and pressure on bones, like on the sacrum.
- Osteoarthritis - evidence of wear and tear on joints.
- Muscle and ligament attachments - evidence of how muscles and ligaments were used.
- Cervical osteophytosis/osteoarthritis - evidence of neck pain and wear and tear in the vertebrae.
- Ring fracture at base of skull - evidence of trauma to the head.
- Osteophytosis in the vertebrae - evidence of osteoarthritis in the spine.
New York African Burial Ground
- This site provided significant insight into the lives of enslaved Africans in colonial America.
- The site was excavated in 1989 in lower Manhattan.
- Research revealed high rates of osteoarthritis in the neck and ring fractures at the base of the skull.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various subfields of Biological Anthropology including Primatology, Paleoanthropology, Molecular Anthropology, and Human Biology. This quiz covers key concepts, notable species, and evolutionary analysis within these disciplines.
