Podcast
Questions and Answers
What forms the base (superior border) of the anterior triangle of the neck?
What forms the base (superior border) of the anterior triangle of the neck?
- The middle line of the neck
- The lower border of the mandible and a line extending from the mandibular angle to the mastoid process (correct)
- The anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- The clavicle
The digastric and superior belly of the omohyoid muscles divide the anterior triangle into how many smaller triangles?
The digastric and superior belly of the omohyoid muscles divide the anterior triangle into how many smaller triangles?
- 2 and 1/2
- 3 and 1/2 (correct)
- 2
- 4
Which structures are included within the suprahyoid region of the anterior triangle?
Which structures are included within the suprahyoid region of the anterior triangle?
- The carotid and digastric triangles
- The carotid and muscular triangles
- The digastric, submental, carotid, and muscular triangles
- The right and left digastric and submental triangles (correct)
Which of the following is a characteristic of the apex of the anterior triangle?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the apex of the anterior triangle?
Which muscle forms part of the floor of the carotid triangle?
Which muscle forms part of the floor of the carotid triangle?
What is the anterior boundary of the carotid triangle?
What is the anterior boundary of the carotid triangle?
Which structure is located within the carotid triangle?
Which structure is located within the carotid triangle?
What vessels define the boundaries of the Pirogoff's triangle within the submandibular triangle?
What vessels define the boundaries of the Pirogoff's triangle within the submandibular triangle?
Which of the following describes the location of the lingual artery with respect to the hyoglossus muscle, relevant to the submandibular triangle?
Which of the following describes the location of the lingual artery with respect to the hyoglossus muscle, relevant to the submandibular triangle?
What defines the base of the submental triangle?
What defines the base of the submental triangle?
Which of the following best describes the anterior boundary of the muscular triangle?
Which of the following best describes the anterior boundary of the muscular triangle?
Which nerve innervates most of the infrahyoid muscles?
Which nerve innervates most of the infrahyoid muscles?
What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle during the second stage of deglutition?
What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle during the second stage of deglutition?
If a surgeon needs to access the lingual artery for ligation during a surgery involving the submandibular triangle, what key anatomical relationship should they consider?
If a surgeon needs to access the lingual artery for ligation during a surgery involving the submandibular triangle, what key anatomical relationship should they consider?
Which structures form the roof of both the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
Which structures form the roof of both the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
A patient presents with a lesion in the anterior triangle affecting tongue movement. Which nerve, potentially damaged, is most likely responsible?
A patient presents with a lesion in the anterior triangle affecting tongue movement. Which nerve, potentially damaged, is most likely responsible?
A surgeon is planning to remove a tumor located within the submandibular triangle. Which of the following structures is most at risk of iatrogenic injury during this procedure?
A surgeon is planning to remove a tumor located within the submandibular triangle. Which of the following structures is most at risk of iatrogenic injury during this procedure?
What triangle would be most important to consider when identifying the hypoglossal nerve?
What triangle would be most important to consider when identifying the hypoglossal nerve?
The omohyoid muscle has two bellies crossing the anterior triangle. What is the primary significance of this muscle's path?
The omohyoid muscle has two bellies crossing the anterior triangle. What is the primary significance of this muscle's path?
Predict the most likely consequence of damaging the ansa cervicalis during a surgical procedure in the muscular triangle?
Predict the most likely consequence of damaging the ansa cervicalis during a surgical procedure in the muscular triangle?
A patient has an abscess in the submental triangle. Where would you expect the infection to potentially spread, considering the triangle's contents and boundaries?
A patient has an abscess in the submental triangle. Where would you expect the infection to potentially spread, considering the triangle's contents and boundaries?
Which nerve provides motor innervation directly to the thyrohyoid muscle, differing from the other infrahyoid muscles?
Which nerve provides motor innervation directly to the thyrohyoid muscle, differing from the other infrahyoid muscles?
While dissecting the submandibular triangle, a student notes a small triangle where they need to carefully identify and protect a nerve to prevent tongue paralysis. Which of the following is most likely the triangle and the nerve they need to safeguard?
While dissecting the submandibular triangle, a student notes a small triangle where they need to carefully identify and protect a nerve to prevent tongue paralysis. Which of the following is most likely the triangle and the nerve they need to safeguard?
During an examination, a medical student is asked to list the anatomical borders of the Lesser's triangle, a significant landmark within another triangle of the neck. Which answer accurately describes this triangle's borders?
During an examination, a medical student is asked to list the anatomical borders of the Lesser's triangle, a significant landmark within another triangle of the neck. Which answer accurately describes this triangle's borders?
Flashcards
Anterior Triangle Boundaries
Anterior Triangle Boundaries
The anterior triangle is bounded anteriorly by the midline of the neck, posteriorly by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and superiorly by the lower border of the mandible.
Subdivisions of Anterior Triangle (muscles)
Subdivisions of Anterior Triangle (muscles)
The anterior triangle is divided by the digastric and superior belly of the omohyoid into 3 ½ triangles: muscular, carotid, digastric, and submental.
Suprahyoid Region
Suprahyoid Region
Includes the right and left digastric and the submental triangles.
Infrahyoid Region
Infrahyoid Region
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Roof of Anterior Triangles
Roof of Anterior Triangles
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Apex of Anterior Triangle
Apex of Anterior Triangle
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Carotid Triangle Boundaries
Carotid Triangle Boundaries
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Floor of the Carotid Triangle
Floor of the Carotid Triangle
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Submandibular Triangle Boundaries
Submandibular Triangle Boundaries
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Floor of Submandibular Triangle
Floor of Submandibular Triangle
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Lesser's triangle boundaries
Lesser's triangle boundaries
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Pirogoff's triangle
Pirogoff's triangle
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Submental Triangle Boundaries
Submental Triangle Boundaries
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Muscular Triangle Boundaries
Muscular Triangle Boundaries
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Infra-hyoid muscles
Infra-hyoid muscles
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Superficial Layer of Infrahyoid Muscles
Superficial Layer of Infrahyoid Muscles
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Deep Layer of Infrahyoid Muscles
Deep Layer of Infrahyoid Muscles
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Nerve Supply to Infrahyoid Muscles
Nerve Supply to Infrahyoid Muscles
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Study Notes
- The anterior triangle of the neck is a region defined by specific boundaries aiming in understanding the complex anatomy of the neck.
Boundaries of the Anterior Triangle
- Anterior boundary includes the midline of the neck
- The posterior boundary runs along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
- Base boundary located superiorly, formed by the lower border of the mandible and a line extending from the mandibular angle to the mastoid process
Subdivisions of the Anterior Triangle
- Two primary methods divide the triangle: using the digastric and superior belly of omohyoid muscles results in 3 ½ triangles,
- An alternative division using the hyoid bone splits the area into suprahyoid and infrahyoid regions
Subdivision by Digastric and Omohyoid Muscles
- Muscular triangle
- Carotid triangle
- Digastric triangle
- ½ submental triangle
Subdivision by Hyoid Bone
- The suprahyoid region involves the right and left digastric and submental triangles
- The infrahyoid region includes the carotid and muscular triangles.
Roof of Triangles
- Composed of skin, a superficial fascia containing the platysma muscle, and the investing cervical fascia.
Apex of Triangles
- Directed inferiorly, represented by the suprasternal notch.
Carotid Triangle
- Boundaries
- Posteriorly: upper part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Antero-inferiorly: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
- Antero-superiorly: posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Floor of Carotid Triangle
- Anterior part: formed by the hyoglossus (above) and thyrohyoid (below) muscles relative to the hyoid bone.
- Posterior part: consists of the middle constrictor (above) and inferior constrictor (below) muscles relative to the hyoid bone
Major Contents of the Carotid Triangle
- Arteries: common carotid (with carotid body), internal carotid (with carotid sinus), external carotid, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, occipital
- Veins: internal jugular, common facial, lingual, superior thyroid, middle thyroid
- Nerves: vagus, external laryngeal, internal laryngeal, accessory (small portion), hypoglossal, ansa cervicalis (superior limb), sympathetic trunk
- Structures: larynx (small portion), thyroid (small portion), lymph nodes
Submandibular/Digastric Triangle
- Boundaries
- Anteroinferiorly: anterior belly of the digastric muscle
- Poster inferiorly: posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles
- Above: base of the mandible and a line drawn from the mandibular angle to the mastoid process
- Floor: formed by hyoglossus muscle covered partially by the mylohyoid muscle.
Clinically Significant Triangles within the Submandibular Triangle
- Lesser's triangle definition includes the hypoglossal nerve, anterior digastric, and posterior digastric boundaries
- Pirogoff's triangle defined bythe hypoglossal nerve, intermediate tendon of the digastric, and mylohyoid boundaries
- Beclard's triangle includes the greater cornua of the hyoid, posterior digastric, and hyoglossus ( posterior border))
- All 3 triangles help identify the hypoglossal nerve (superficial to the hyoglossus) and the lingual artery (deep to the hyoglossus), important for ligation during hemorrhage or surgery
Major Contents of the Submandibular Triangle
- Arteries: facial, submental, lingual
- Veins: facial, submental, lingual
- Nerves: mylohyoid, hypoglossal, lingual, and facial (branches to marginal mandibular and cervical)
- Structures: submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, and inferior portion of the parotid gland
Submental Triangle
- Boundaries
- Base: Hyoid bone
- Apex: The chin
- On either side: the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
- Floor: Mylohyoid muscle
- Contents
- Anterior jugular vein
- Submental lymph nodes
Muscular Triangle
- Boundaries
- Anteriorly: the median line of the neck from the hyoid bone to the sternum
- Postero-superiorly: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
- Postero-inferiorly: sternomastoid
Major Contents of the Muscular Triangle
- Arteries: superior thyroid
- Veins: superior thyroid, inferior thyroid, anterior jugular
- Nerves: ansa cervicalis
- Structures: strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid), thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes
Infrahyoid Muscles
- Arrangement: they are arranged in 2 layers
- The superficial layer has the sternohyoid and omohyoid
- The deep layer has the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
Actions of the Infrahyoid Muscles
- Thyrohyoid assists in elevation of the larynx to close the laryngeal inlet
- Infrahyoid muscles depress the larynx down to open the laryngeal inlet after the second stage of deglutition has completed
Nerve Supply
- All are supplied by ansa cervicalis except thyrohyoid
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