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Questions and Answers
What is the primary structure that surrounds the common carotid artery?
What is the primary structure that surrounds the common carotid artery?
At which cervical vertebral levels do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into the external and internal carotid arteries?
At which cervical vertebral levels do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into the external and internal carotid arteries?
Which structure is located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) in the anterior triangle of the neck?
Which structure is located anterior to the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) in the anterior triangle of the neck?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the anterior triangle of the neck?
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What is the clinical significance of the course of the laryngeal nerves?
What is the clinical significance of the course of the laryngeal nerves?
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Which artery begins in the thorax as a direct branch of the arch of the aorta?
Which artery begins in the thorax as a direct branch of the arch of the aorta?
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What anatomical feature divides the anterior triangle into its subdivisions?
What anatomical feature divides the anterior triangle into its subdivisions?
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Which is NOT considered one of the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
Which is NOT considered one of the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
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What structure contains receptors that monitor changes in blood pressure?
What structure contains receptors that monitor changes in blood pressure?
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Which cranial nerve innervates the carotid sinus?
Which cranial nerve innervates the carotid sinus?
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Which artery is NOT a branch of the external carotid artery?
Which artery is NOT a branch of the external carotid artery?
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What is the starting point of the internal jugular vein?
What is the starting point of the internal jugular vein?
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Which cranial nerves exit the skull with the internal jugular vein?
Which cranial nerves exit the skull with the internal jugular vein?
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What is the role of the cervical sympathetic trunk?
What is the role of the cervical sympathetic trunk?
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Which lymph nodes are classified as superficial cervical lymph nodes?
Which lymph nodes are classified as superficial cervical lymph nodes?
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Which cervical ganglion is located at the C6 vertebral level?
Which cervical ganglion is located at the C6 vertebral level?
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Which of the following muscles is part of the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
Which of the following muscles is part of the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
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Identify the structure that contains the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve.
Identify the structure that contains the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve.
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What is the primary location where the common carotid arteries bifurcate?
What is the primary location where the common carotid arteries bifurcate?
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Which of the following arteries originates from the brachiocephalic trunk?
Which of the following arteries originates from the brachiocephalic trunk?
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What is the clinical significance of the vagus nerve in the context of the anterior triangle?
What is the clinical significance of the vagus nerve in the context of the anterior triangle?
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Where are the parathyroid glands typically located in relation to the thyroid gland?
Where are the parathyroid glands typically located in relation to the thyroid gland?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes a laryngotomy in contrast to a tracheotomy?
Which of the following statements accurately describes a laryngotomy in contrast to a tracheotomy?
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What is the function of the deep cervical fascia within the anterior triangle?
What is the function of the deep cervical fascia within the anterior triangle?
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What is the primary function of the dilatation at the proximal part of the ICA?
What is the primary function of the dilatation at the proximal part of the ICA?
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Where does the internal jugular vein begin?
Where does the internal jugular vein begin?
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Which of the following nerves is not a branch of the cervical sympathetic trunk?
Which of the following nerves is not a branch of the cervical sympathetic trunk?
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What arterial branch is associated with the inferior petrosal sinus?
What arterial branch is associated with the inferior petrosal sinus?
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Which cervical ganglion is known to be merged with the T1 ganglion, forming the stellate ganglion?
Which cervical ganglion is known to be merged with the T1 ganglion, forming the stellate ganglion?
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What structure primarily drains the blood from the head and neck area?
What structure primarily drains the blood from the head and neck area?
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Which type of anatomical structure crosses the neck of the first rib?
Which type of anatomical structure crosses the neck of the first rib?
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Which lymph node group is NOT considered part of the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
Which lymph node group is NOT considered part of the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
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Study Notes
Anterior Triangle of the Neck
-
Boundaries:
- Anterior: midline of the neck
- Posterior: sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Superior: inferior border of mandible
- Inferior: superior border of clavicle
Subdivisions of the Anterior Triangle
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Digastric & Omohyoid Muscles:
- Divide the anterior triangle into four smaller triangles:
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Submandibular:
- Located below the mandible
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Submental:
- Located below the chin
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Carotid:
- Located between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the omohyoid muscle
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Muscular:
- Located between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trapezius muscle
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Submandibular:
- Divide the anterior triangle into four smaller triangles:
Muscles of the Anterior Triangle
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Sternocleidomastoid:
- Origin: Sternum and clavicle
- Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
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Action:
- Rotates the head to the opposite side
- Flexes the neck
- Extends the head when both muscles contract
- Nerve: Accessory nerve (XI)
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Trapezius:
- Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
- Insertion: Spine of the scapula and clavicle
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Action:
- Elevates, depresses, rotates, and retracts the scapula
- Nerve: Accessory nerve (XI) and C3-C4 spinal nerves
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Omohyoid:
- Origin: Scapula
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Action: Depresses the hyoid bone
- Nerve: C1-C3 spinal nerves
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Digastric:
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Origin: Two parts:
- Anterior belly: Mandible
- Posterior belly: Mastoid process
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Action: Elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible
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Nerve:
- Anterior belly: Mylohyoid nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)
- Posterior belly: Facial nerve (VII)
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Origin: Two parts:
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Stylohyoid:
- Origin: Styloid process of the temporal bone
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Action: Elevates and retracts the hyoid bone
- Nerve: Facial nerve (VII)
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Mylohyoid:
- Origin: Mylohyoid line of the mandible
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Action: Elevates the hyoid bone and floor of the mouth
- Nerve: Mylohyoid nerve
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Geniohyoid:
- Origin: Mental spine of the mandible
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Action: Elevates and draws the hyoid bone forwards
- Nerve: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Vessels of the Anterior Triangle
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Carotid Sheath:
- Encases the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
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Common Carotid Artery (CCA):
- Right CCA: Originates from the brachiocephalic trunk, posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint
- Left CCA: Starts in the thorax as a direct branch of the aortic arch
- Bifurcation: Divides into the external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) at C3/C4 level
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External Carotid Artery (ECA):
- Supplies the tissues of the head and neck
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Branches: (Mnemonic: SALFOPM)
- Superior thyroid artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Lingual artery
- Facial artery
- Occipital artery
- Posterior auricular artery
- Maxillary artery
- Superficial temporal artery
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Internal Carotid Artery (ICA):
- Supplies the brain and eyes
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Carotid Sinus:
- Dilatation at the proximal part of the ICA (at the bifurcation)
- Contains receptors that monitor changes in blood pressure
- Innervated by a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX CN)
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Carotid Pulse:
- Palpable pulsation of the CCA, typically measured at the level of the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage.
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Internal Jugular Vein (IJV):
- Begins as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus (dural venous sinus)
- Exits the skull through the jugular foramen along with IX, X, and XI cranial nerves and enters the carotid sheath
- Joins with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
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Tributaries:
- Inferior petrosal sinus
- Facial vein
- Lingual vein
- Pharyngeal veins
- Occipital veins
- Superior thyroid veins
- Middle thyroid veins
Nerves of the Anterior Triangle
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Facial Nerve (VII):
- Controls facial expressions and taste in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
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Accessory Nerve (XI):
- Controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX):
- Controls taste, salivation, and swallowing, and innervates the carotid sinus
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Hypoglossal Nerve (XII):
- Controls the muscles of the tongue
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Vagus Nerve (X):
- Controls many vital functions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion
- Runs through the carotid sheath
Thyroid Gland
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Location:
- Located in the anterior neck, just below the thyroid cartilage
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Blood Supply:
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Superior thyroid artery: Branch of the external carotid artery
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Inferior thyroid artery: Branch of the thyrocervical trunk (from the subclavian artery)
Parathyroid Glands
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-
Location:
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Located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, typically 4 glands
Cervical Sympathetic Trunk
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-
Location:
- Runs along the vertebral column, extending from the base of the skull to the inferior cervical ganglion.
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Structure:
- Consists of a series of interconnected ganglia:
- Superior cervical ganglion: Level of C1 and C2
- Middle cervical ganglion: Level of C6 vertebrae
- Inferior cervical ganglion (Stellate ganglion): Fusions of C7 and T1 ganglia
- Consists of a series of interconnected ganglia:
Clinical Significance
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Laryngotomy: A surgical incision into the larynx, performed to establish an airway
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Tracheotomy: A surgical incision into the trachea, typically performed below the cricoid cartilage for a more permanent airway.
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Central Venous Catheterization:
- Introduces a catheter into a large central vein, usually in the neck into the internal jugular vein for - drug administration, fluid therapy, and blood sampling
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the anterior triangle of the neck. This quiz covers the boundaries, subdivisions, and muscles associated with the anterior triangle, including the digastric and omohyoid muscles. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand this important anatomical region.
