Anatomy of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck
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Anatomy of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck

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Questions and Answers

The anterior triangle of the neck is located:

  • Posterior to the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
  • Anterior to the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) (correct)
  • Inferior to the clavicle
  • Superior to the mandible

    • Which of the following is not a subdivision of the anterior triangle of the neck?

  • Submandibular triangle
  • Submental triangle
  • Carotid triangle
  • Occipital triangle (correct)

    • The posterior triangle of the neck contains which of the following structures?

  • Common carotid artery
  • Subclavian vein
  • Internal jugular vein
  • External jugular vein (correct)

    • The submandibular triangle is bounded by all of the following structures except:

    <p>Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which triangle of the neck is primarily associated with the location of the carotid artery bifurcation?

    <p>Carotid triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscular triangle of the neck contains which of the following structures?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sternocleidomastoid muscle has two heads of origin that attach to the:

    <p>Medial clavicle and sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

    <p>Spinal part of the accessory nerve (CN XI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the sternocleidomastoid muscle contracts unilaterally, it performs which of the following actions?

    <p>Turns the chin to the opposite shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deep cervical fascia consists of how many layers?

    <p>Four layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract simultaneously (bilaterally), the head is:

    <p>Protracted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the deep cervical fascia surrounds the entire neck and encloses both the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

    <p>Investing fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pretracheal fascia primarily surrounds which compartment in the neck?

    <p>Visceral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carotid sheath is responsible for enclosing which of the following structures?

    <p>Carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which space in the deep cervical fascia is located posterior to the esophagus and serves as a potential pathway for infection to spread from the neck into the thorax?

    <p>Retropharyngeal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prevertebral fascia primarily surrounds which compartment in the neck?

    <p>Vertebral compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following spaces in the neck extends down to the level of the T4 vertebra, allowing potential infection spread to the mediastinum?

    <p>Retropharyngeal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pretracheal space is located:

    <p>Anterior to the trachea and thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyoid bone is located at approximately which vertebral level?

    <p>C3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thyroid cartilage, which forms the prominent 'Adam's apple,' is located at approximately which vertebral level?

    <p>C4-C5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cricoid cartilage is an important landmark in the neck and is located at which vertebral level?

    <p>C6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which space in the neck is located anterior to the trachea and can potentially allow infection to spread downward to the mediastinum?

    A) Retropharyngeal space B) Buccopharyngeal space C) Pretracheal space D) Carotid sheath

    <p>Pretracheal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which vertebral level is the laryngeal prominence typically located?

    <p>C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cartilages is located at the level of C6 and is the only complete ring of cartilage in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cartilage serves as an important landmark for identifying the start of the trachea and is located at the level of C6?

    <p>Cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not part of the suprahyoid group?

    <p>Sternohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle connects the mandible to the hyoid bone and forms the floor of the mouth?

    <p>Mylohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The digastric muscle has two bellies (anterior and posterior) that are connected by:

    A) A tendon that attaches directly to the hyoid B) A ligament that attaches to the thyroid cartilage C) A fibrous sling that holds the tendon to the hyoid D) An aponeurosis at the midline

    <p>A fibrous sling that holds the tendon to the hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is an infrahyoid muscle?

    <p>Omohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infrahyoid muscle depresses the hyoid bone and also has an attachment on the thyroid cartilage?

    <p>Thyrohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sternothyroid muscle connects the sternum to which other structure?

    <p>Thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle of the suprahyoid group assists in elevating the hyoid during swallowing and is attached to the styloid process?

    <p>Stylohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The digastric muscle has two distinct bellies, the anterior and posterior, which are connected by:

    <p>A tendon running through a fibrous sling on the hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

    <p>Styloid process of the temporal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

    <p>Digastric notch on the mastoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

    <p>Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of CN V3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?

    <p>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the path of the stylohyoid muscle?

    A) It runs from the hyoid bone to the mandible B) It attaches from the styloid process to the hyoid bone and splits over the digastric sling C) It attaches from the mastoid process to the mandible D) It runs from the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

    <p>It attaches from the styloid process to the hyoid bone and splits over the digastric sling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the anterior belly of the digastric muscle insert?

    <p>Digastric fossa of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mylohyoid muscle originates from which structure?

    <p>Mylohyoid line of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The insertion of the mylohyoid muscle is primarily on the:

    A) Styloid process B) Mastoid process C) Midline raphe and body of the hyoid bone D) Inferior mental spines of the mandible

    <p>Midline raphe and body of the hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

    <p>Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of CN V3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The geniohyoid muscle originates from which part of the mandible?

    <p>Inferior mental spines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The geniohyoid muscle is innervated by which nerve fibers?

    <p>C1 fibers that hitchhike along with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the geniohyoid muscle insert?

    <p>Body of the hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms the floor of the mouth along with the mylohyoid muscle and assists in elevating the hyoid bone during swallowing?

    <p>Geniohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sternohyoid muscle extends between the body of the hyoid bone and which other structures?

    <p>Sternum and clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure protrudes between the two sternohyoid muscles?

    <p>Laryngeal prominence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply to the sternohyoid muscle?

    <p>Ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The omohyoid muscle has two bellies, the superior and inferior, connected by an intermediate tendon. Where does the intermediate tendon lie?

    <p>Deep to the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), over the internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle?

    <p>Transverse scapular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The omohyoid muscle's nerve supply is provided by:

    A) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) B) Ansa cervicalis C) Accessory nerve (CN XI) D) Facial nerve (CN VII)

    <p>Ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fascial sling for the omohyoid muscle, which secures the intermediate tendon, is derived from which fascia?

    <p>Deep investing fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thyrohyoid muscle originates from which part of the thyroid cartilage?

    <p>Thyroid cartilage – oblique line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by which nerve fibers?

    <p>C1 fibers (hitchhike along with hypoglossal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sternothyroid muscle originates from which anatomical structure?

    <p>Posterior manubrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve supply for the sternothyroid muscle comes from which structure?

    <p>Ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nerve to the geniohyoid muscle arises from which nerve?

    <p>C1 fibers (via the hypoglossal nerve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the thyrohyoid muscle?

    <p>Nerve to thyrohyoid (C1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior root of the ansa cervicalis is formed by which of the following?

    <p>C1 fibers (via the hypoglossal nerve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The geniohyoid muscle is innervated by which fibers?

    <p>C1 fibers via the hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ansa cervicalis is formed by the joining of which fibers?

    <p>C2 and C3 fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The C1 fibers that hitchhike on the hypoglossal nerve are responsible for innervating which muscles?

    <p>Geniohyoid and thyrohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the loop of the ansa cervicalis?

    <p>Descendens hypoglossi and descendens cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The remaining strap muscles (except for the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid) are innervated from which aspect?

    <p>Lateral aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ansa cervicalis provides innervation to the strap muscles in a segmental pattern from which direction?

    <p>Inferior to superior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is innervated by the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?

    <p>Superior omohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is innervated by fibers that travel with the hypoglossal nerve?

    <p>Geniohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is innervated by the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?

    <p>Inferior omohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mnemonic 'Ghosts thought someone stupid shot' is used to remember the muscles innervated by which structure?

    <p>Ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carotid sheath contains all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p>External carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal carotid artery:

    <p>Does not give off branches in the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carotid sheath is located laterally to which structure?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is located in the posterior part of the carotid sheath?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does not pass through the carotid sheath?

    <p>External carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal jugular vein (IJV) is located in the neck and drains blood from the brain, face, and neck. Which of the following anatomical landmarks is closest to the point where the IJV begins?

    <p>Sternoclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal jugular vein is formed by the union of which two structures?

    <p>Jugular bulb and subclavian vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal jugular vein (IJV) passes posterior to which structure in the neck?

    <p>Carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

    <p>C3 / C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the internal carotid artery?

    <p>It enters the cranium via the carotid canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the common carotid artery typically palpated?

    <p>Lateral to the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries does not typically give off branches in the neck?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the carotid sinus?

    <p>Contains baroreceptors for blood pressure regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The jugular foramen is located between which two bones?

    <p>Occipital and temporal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The external carotid artery supplies blood to all of the following except:

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal jugular vein drains into which larger vein?

    <p>Brachiocephalic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cranial nerves passes through the jugular foramen? A) CN IX – Glossopharyngeal B) CN X – Vagus C) CN XI – Accessory D) All of the above

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cervical sympathetic trunk is continuous with which part of the sympathetic chain?

    <p>Thoracic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior cervical ganglion, when merged with the T1 ganglion, forms which structure?

    <p>Stellate ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx and larynx (except for the stylopharyngeus and cricothyroid)?

    <p>CN X – Vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior cervical ganglion of the cervical sympathetic trunk lies posterior to which structure?

    <p>Carotid sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue?

    <p>CN IX – Glossopharyngeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the cervical sympathetic trunk?

    <p>It crosses the neck of the 1st rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thyroid gland is primarily supplied by which artery?

    <p>Inferior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery provides the inferior blood supply to the thyroid gland?

    <p>Inferior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thyroid gland moves with swallowing due to its attachment to which structure?

    <p>Larynx via the thyrohyoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the thyroid gland typically enlarge downward in cases of goiter? A) The gland's upper pole is confined by the trachea and larynx, restricting upward growth B) The gland’s lower pole is attached to the sternum C) The thyroid capsule limits lateral expansion D) Both A and B

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of which artery?

    <p>Subclavian artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior thyroid artery arises from which of the following arteries?

    A) Subclavian artery B) Internal carotid artery C) External carotid artery D) Common carotid artery

    <p>External carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The external laryngeal nerve is a branch of which nerve?

    <p>Vagus nerve (CN X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recurrent laryngeal nerve typically travels in close relation to which artery?

    <p>Inferior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior thyroid artery divides close to the thyroid gland and gives off which important nerve branch?

    <p>External laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recurrent laryngeal nerve typically divides away from the thyroid gland and is in close relation to which artery?

    <p>Inferior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The relationship between the thyroid gland, its arteries, and nearby nerves can be described as:

    A) Constant and predictable B) Highly variable C) Only variable on the right side D) Only variable on the left side

    <p>Highly variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The external laryngeal nerve is a branch of which nerve?

    A) Vagus nerve (CN X) B) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) C) Facial nerve (CN VII) D) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

    <p>Vagus nerve (CN X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The external laryngeal nerve may have anatomical variability in its relationship to the superior thyroid artery. Which of the following is true regarding this relationship?

    <p>The external laryngeal nerve may run in front of or behind the superior thyroid artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential clinical consequence of injury to the external laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery?

    <p>Paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle leading to hoarseness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior thyroid artery typically divides and runs posterior to the thyroid gland before supplying it. In close proximity to this artery, which nerve is found?

    <p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to which nerve would most likely impair the cough reflex?

    <p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the parathyroid glands typically located?

    <p>Behind the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the inferior parathyroid glands?

    <p>Inferior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which pharyngeal pouch do the superior parathyroid glands develop?

    <p>Fourth pharyngeal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior parathyroid glands arise from which of the following pharyngeal pouches?

    <p>Third pharyngeal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph nodes is located beneath the chin?

    <p>Submental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lymph nodes located along the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and internal jugular vein (IJV) are known as:

    A) Pre-auricular nodes B) Cervical nodes C) Jugulo-digastric nodes D) Occipital nodes

    <p>Cervical nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The jugulo-digastric lymph node is located in which anatomical region?

    A) Beneath the jaw B) Near the angle of the mandible C) Near the clavicle D) Behind the ear

    <p>Near the angle of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph nodes are located in the supraclavicular region?

    <p>Supraclavicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph node group is most closely associated with the ear and located posterior to the auricle?

    <p>Posterior auricular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The occipital lymph nodes are typically located near which anatomical feature?

    <p>Posterior cervical triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The jugulo-omohyoid lymph node is found in which area?

    A) Near the clavicle B) In the submandibular region C) Along the internal jugular vein D) Near the angle of the mandible

    <p>Along the internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is located at the level of the thyroid notch?

    <p>Laryngeal prominence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The isthmus of the thyroid gland is located at the level of which structure?

    <p>Arch of cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the most common site for a tracheostomy tube insertion?

    <p>Between the second and third tracheal rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most important step in intraoperative identification of the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Use of the 'sink or swim' test to identify gland texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a thyroid examination, which of the following is most commonly assessed during swallowing?

    <p>The mobility of thyroid nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Post-operative monitoring after thyroid or parathyroid surgery should primarily focus on:

    <p>Checking for hypocalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure should be avoided during thyroid surgery to prevent injury that could result in hoarseness?

    <p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of accidental removal of the parathyroid glands, they may be re-implanted in which of the following locations?

    <p>Platysma muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

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