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Questions and Answers
A patient with a history of hypertension is prescribed an antacid. Which classification of antacids should be avoided due to the risk of elevated blood pressure?
A patient with a history of hypertension is prescribed an antacid. Which classification of antacids should be avoided due to the risk of elevated blood pressure?
- Magnesium Preparations
- Sodium Bicarbonate (correct)
- Calcium Preparations
- Aluminum Preparations
Which of the following instructions should a nurse provide to a patient who is prescribed an antacid containing calcium carbonate?
Which of the following instructions should a nurse provide to a patient who is prescribed an antacid containing calcium carbonate?
- Administer the antacid 30 minutes before meals.
- Take the antacid with milk to enhance its absorption.
- Report any headache, increased thirst or dry mouth to your healthcare provider immediately. (correct)
- Discontinue use if you experience diarrhea.
A patient with chronic kidney disease is seeking an antacid for occasional heartburn. Which classification of antacids should the patient avoid?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is seeking an antacid for occasional heartburn. Which classification of antacids should the patient avoid?
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Calcium carbonate
- Magnesium hydroxide
- Aluminum hydroxide (correct)
A patient taking tetracycline for an infection is prescribed an antacid for heartburn. What instruction should the nurse provide regarding the timing of these medications?
A patient taking tetracycline for an infection is prescribed an antacid for heartburn. What instruction should the nurse provide regarding the timing of these medications?
A patient reports experiencing frequent diarrhea after starting an antacid. Which type of antacid is most likely causing this side effect?
A patient reports experiencing frequent diarrhea after starting an antacid. Which type of antacid is most likely causing this side effect?
A patient with heart failure is prescribed an antacid. Which classification of antacids should be used cautiously, if at all?
A patient with heart failure is prescribed an antacid. Which classification of antacids should be used cautiously, if at all?
A patient taking an antacid regularly reports experiencing constipation. Which type of antacid is most likely causing this side effect?
A patient taking an antacid regularly reports experiencing constipation. Which type of antacid is most likely causing this side effect?
What is the primary mechanism of action by which antacids provide relief from hyperacidity?
What is the primary mechanism of action by which antacids provide relief from hyperacidity?
Flashcards
Antacids
Antacids
Medications that neutralize stomach acid, providing quick relief from hyperacidity.
Constipation (from Calcium Carbonate)
Constipation (from Calcium Carbonate)
A common side effect of calcium carbonate antacids due to their inhibiting action on intestinal smooth muscle.
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia
A potential side effect of calcium carbonate antacids; too much calcium in the blood.
Constipation (from Aluminum Hydroxide)
Constipation (from Aluminum Hydroxide)
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Diarrhea (from Magnesium Hydroxide)
Diarrhea (from Magnesium Hydroxide)
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Hypermagnesemia
Hypermagnesemia
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Elevated Blood Pressure (from Sodium Bicarbonate)
Elevated Blood Pressure (from Sodium Bicarbonate)
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Antacid Timing
Antacid Timing
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Study Notes
- Antacids neutralize stomach acid to treat hyperacidity, acting within minutes of ingestion
- Antacids make stomach acid less harmful to the stomach lining, reducing corrosive effects
Conditions Antacids Can Treat:
- Peptic Ulcer disease
- GERD
- Gastritis
Four Classifications of Antacids
- Calcium Preparations (calcium carbonate)
- Aluminum (aluminum hydroxide)
- Magnesium (magnesium hydroxide)
- Salt (Sodium Bicarbonate)
Calcium Preparations (calcium carbonate)
- Side effect: Constipation occurs due to inhibiting action on smooth muscle in the intestine, slowing down peristalsis
- Side effect: Hypercalcemia, indicated by too much calcium in the blood
Aluminum (aluminum hydroxide)
- Side effect: Constipation
- Those with chronic kidney disease should avoid, due to aluminum accumulation that could affect mental status changes and risk of premature osteoporosis
Magnesium (magnesium hydroxide)
- Side effect: Diarrhea
- High doses act as an osmotic laxative, drawing water into the intestines, increasing stool volume and liquidity
- Side effect: Hypermagnesemia, which causes depression of the central nervous system, characterized by "low and slow" body functions like low BP, weakness, confusion, slowed breathing, and drowsiness
Salt (Sodium Bicarbonate)
- Side effect: Elevated blood pressure, so it should not be given to hypertensive patients
- Side effect: Fluid retention, so it is not recommended for patients with kidney failure and heart failure
Patient Education Regarding Antacids:
- Chew chewable antacid thoroughly 1 to 3 hours after meals and at bedtime, or as needed
- Antacids can interact with other medications by increasing gastric pH, which can alter the absorption of other medications (like iron)
- Antacids can directly bind with antibiotic medications, creating a non-absorbable complex with quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics
- Separate antacid administration from other medications by at least 1-2 hours before or after taking the antacid
- Report symptoms such as headache, increased thirst, and dry mouth immediately -- this may indicate hypercalcemia, and the HCP should be called
- Patients with a history of renal disease should avoid magnesium and aluminum
- Avoid milk or calcium supplements while taking calcium antacids to prevent hypercalcemia
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Description
Antacids neutralize stomach acid, providing relief from hyperacidity by reducing its corrosive effects. Common types include calcium, aluminum, and magnesium preparations, each with specific side effects. Conditions treated include peptic ulcers, GERD, and gastritis.
