ANTACIDS PDF: Classification, Side Effects & Patient Education
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Summary
This document provides information on antacids, including their classifications, side effects such as constipation and hypercalcemia, and patient education guidelines. The different types of antacids discussed include calcium, aluminum, magnesium, and salt. The document also covers how antacids interact with other medications.
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ANTACIDS -neutralize stomach acid to treat hyperacidity that acts within minutes after taking them. This allows the acid less harmful to the stomach lining thereby reducing corrosive and painful effects. Can treat: Peptic Ulcer disease GERD Gastritis FOUR C...
ANTACIDS -neutralize stomach acid to treat hyperacidity that acts within minutes after taking them. This allows the acid less harmful to the stomach lining thereby reducing corrosive and painful effects. Can treat: Peptic Ulcer disease GERD Gastritis FOUR CLASSIFICATIONS 1. Calcium Preparations (calcium carbonate) Side Effects: o Constipation - slowing down the peristalsis due to inhibiting action on smooth muscle in the intestine o Hypercalcemia – too much calcium in the blood. 2. Aluminum (aluminum hydroxide) Side Effects: o Constipation Should be avoided by patients with chronic kidney disease due to aluminum accumulation that may affect mental status changes and risk of premature osteoporosis 3. Magnesium (magnesium hydroxide) Side Effects: o Diarrhea When taken in high doses, it acts as an osmotic laxative, drawing water into the intestines which leads to increased stool volume and liquidity. o Hypermagnesemia – causing depression of central nervous system. Body becomes “low and slow” e.g. low BP, weakness, confusion, slowed breathing, drowsiness 4. Salt (Sodium Bicarbonate) Side Effects: o Elevated blood pressure – should not be given to hypertensive patient. o Fluid retention – not recommended to patient with kidney failure and heart failure. PATIENT EDUCATION 1. Chew chewable antacid thoroughly 1 to 3 hours after meals and at bedtime or PRN 2. Antacid can interact with other medication by increasing gastric pH which ca alter absorption of other medications like iron 3. It can bind directly with antibiotic medications which creates a non-absorbable complex such as with quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics 4. Separate administration of antacid with other medications by at least 1-2 hours before or after. 5. Report headache, increased thirst and dry mouth as these may indicate hypercalcemia. Call HCP immediately. 6. Avoid magnesium and aluminum on patient with history of renal disease 7. Avoid milk or calcium supplements while taking calcium antacids to prevent hypercalcemia.
