Anatomy Chapter 7 Muscular System
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Questions and Answers

What triggers contractions in smooth muscle cells?

  • Extracellular calcium entering the cell (correct)
  • Primarily from intracellular calcium levels
  • Neuronal ion channel localization
  • Intrinsic electrical impulses from the heart
  • How are thick filaments arranged in smooth muscle cells?

  • In a single central line along the sarcolemma
  • In structured bundles aligned with myofibrils
  • Scattered throughout the sarcoplasm (correct)
  • In straight parallel lines throughout the cell
  • What is the primary mechanism by which muscle tension is increased during movement?

  • Activation of muscle fibers only
  • Activation of more motor units (correct)
  • Inhibition of motor units
  • Reduction of muscle tone
  • What is a characteristic feature of smooth muscle tissue contraction?

    <p>It can twist and corkscrew during contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in a muscle experiencing atrophy?

    <p>Muscle fibers become smaller and weaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of contraction does the muscle length change while maintaining constant tension?

    <p>Isotonic contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about smooth muscle cells is true?

    <p>They are spindle-shaped with a single nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creatine phosphate (CP) during muscle contraction?

    <p>To recharge ADP back into ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates smooth muscle from cardiac muscle regarding contraction?

    <p>Smooth muscle can contract over a greater range of lengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy production process requires oxygen and generates the majority of ATP in resting muscle cells?

    <p>Aerobic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What passive factors help return a muscle to its elongated state after contraction?

    <p>Elastic forces and gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can energy reserves in creatine phosphate typically last during intense contraction?

    <p>15 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of aerobic metabolism besides ATP?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs when glycolysis continues despite low oxygen levels?

    <p>Anaerobic glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes muscle fatigue in athletes?

    <p>Elevated lactic acid levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a part of the recovery period for muscles?

    <p>Stimulating lactic acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is unique to fast-twitch muscle fibers?

    <p>They fatigue rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily determines the endurance of a muscle?

    <p>Types of muscle fibers present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes slow-twitch fibers?

    <p>They contract for extended periods and are resistant to fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to breathing rate during the recovery period?

    <p>It remains high to repay oxygen debt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the elbow?

    <p>Triceps brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is responsible for flexing the wrist?

    <p>Flexor carpi ulnaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Abduct the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is a primary flexor of the thigh?

    <p>Iliopsoas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles work across the knee joint to facilitate leg movement?

    <p>Quadriceps and hamstrings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from inflammation of the retinacula in the forearm?

    <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT primarily involved in wrist extension?

    <p>Flexor carpi radialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of muscles is responsible for abducting and extending the thumb?

    <p>Abductor pollicis and extensor pollicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of skeletal muscles in the muscular system?

    <p>Move the skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue covers the entire muscle?

    <p>Epimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many skeletal muscles approximately make up the muscular system?

    <p>700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do skeletal muscles perform to guard entrances and exits of the body?

    <p>Encircle openings of tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skeletal muscle cells are also referred to as what?

    <p>Muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles?

    <p>Produce hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the perimysium?

    <p>It separates muscle fibers into bundles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of muscle contractions in relation to body temperature?

    <p>They generate heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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