Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?
- Occipital bone
- Lacrimal bone (correct)
- Frontal bone
- Sphenoid bone
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.
Sagittal suture
Which of the following bones is unpaired?
Which of the following bones is unpaired?
- Frontal (correct)
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Sphenoid
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?
Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.
Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.
Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.
Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.
The sella turcica is best described as:
The sella turcica is best described as:
The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.
The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.
Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?
Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?
Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.
Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.
Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?
Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head 'yes'.
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head 'yes'.
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g., shaking the head 'no'.
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g., shaking the head 'no'.
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?
Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.
Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.
Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.
Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.
Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?
Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?
The suprascapular notch is found on:
The suprascapular notch is found on:
Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.
Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.
The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.
The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.
Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?
Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?
Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?
Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?
Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface.
Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface.
Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?
Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?
Identify the articulation site for the femur.
Identify the articulation site for the femur.
Identify the large hole found in this bone.
Identify the large hole found in this bone.
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.
What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?
What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?
Which bony landmarks can be palpated on the anterior surface of the body, close to the midline?
Which bony landmarks can be palpated on the anterior surface of the body, close to the midline?
The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.
The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.
The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
Which landmark is found on the anterior surface of the femur?
Which landmark is found on the anterior surface of the femur?
Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.
Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.
The condition known as a 'fractured hip' is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?
The condition known as a 'fractured hip' is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?
Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.
Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.
Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.
Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.
Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.
Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.
The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?
The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?
Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia.
Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia.
Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.
Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.
Name the bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia.
Name the bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia.
Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.
Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.
Which part of the leg does the tibia form?
Which part of the leg does the tibia form?
Since mastoid infections may spread to the brain, surgical removal of the mastoid process was once considered to be the best way to prevent brain inflammation. Unfortunately, this also had the side-effect of causing __________.
Since mastoid infections may spread to the brain, surgical removal of the mastoid process was once considered to be the best way to prevent brain inflammation. Unfortunately, this also had the side-effect of causing __________.
Fetal vertebrae develop through endochondral ossification from a preexisting __________ model. The second step of repair of a fracture of these bones is the formation of a(n) __________ callus.
Fetal vertebrae develop through endochondral ossification from a preexisting __________ model. The second step of repair of a fracture of these bones is the formation of a(n) __________ callus.
A cleft palate arises when the right and left _____________ bones fail to fuse medially during fetal development.
A cleft palate arises when the right and left _____________ bones fail to fuse medially during fetal development.
What does the prefix 'isch-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'isch-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'supra-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'supra-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'acro-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'acro-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'inter-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'inter-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'meta-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'meta-' refer to?
A patient is brought to the trauma center with head and facial injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. You note a constant flow of clear fluid from her nose. Which bone may be fractured?
A patient is brought to the trauma center with head and facial injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. You note a constant flow of clear fluid from her nose. Which bone may be fractured?
On a busy orthopedic service, you encounter several patients, each of whom has broken a different bone in the lower extremity. Which complete fracture will probably allow the earliest resumption of normal walking?
On a busy orthopedic service, you encounter several patients, each of whom has broken a different bone in the lower extremity. Which complete fracture will probably allow the earliest resumption of normal walking?
How would you explain to a young patient with severe lordosis in the lumbar region why her leg often goes numb?
How would you explain to a young patient with severe lordosis in the lumbar region why her leg often goes numb?
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Study Notes
Cranial Bones and Features
- Lacrimal bone is not part of the cranium.
- The sagittal suture is found between the two parietal bones.
- The frontal bone is an unpaired cranial bone.
- The sphenoid bone spans the width of the cranial floor and forms the base of the skull.
- The nasal bone does not contain a sinus.
Sphenoid Bone
- The sphenoid bone is located at the floor of the skull.
- Sella turcica is the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.
- Lesser wings of the sphenoid bone contain the optic canal.
- Olfactory foramina are not a landmark of the sphenoid bone.
- The sella turcica is best described as a depression.
- The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.
Vertebral Structure
- The centrum is another name for the body of a vertebra.
- The spinous process is the vertebral projection oriented in the median plane.
- Inferior articular processes articulate immediately with the vertebra below.
- Intervertebral discs are not found within a vertebral foramen.
- Transverse processes are lateral projections of a vertebra.
- Lamina is most accessible from a posterior surgical approach.
Cervical Vertebrae
- The first cervical vertebra is called the atlas.
- The second cervical vertebra is known as the axis.
- The articulation site between the occipital bone and atlas allows nodding "yes".
- The articulation between atlas and axis permits head rotation, shaking "no".
- The occipital condyles of the skull articulate with the atlas.
- The atlas lacks both a body and a spinous process.
Scapula Anatomy
- The spine is found on the posterior surface of the scapula.
- The glenoid fossa is the socket for the shoulder joint.
- The acromion process articulates with the clavicle.
- The subscapular fossa is located on the anterior surface of the scapula.
- Suprascapular notch is found on the superior border of the scapula.
- The coracoid process does not articulate with another bone.
Hip Bone Structure
- The adult hip bone consists of three regions: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
- The auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the sacrum.
- The ischial tuberosity is the landmark felt when sitting.
- The indentation inferior and lateral to the auricular surface is known as the greater sciatic notch.
- The ilium is the largest region of the hip bone.
- The acetabulum is the articulation site for the femur.
- The obturator foramen is a large hole in the hip bone.
Femur Anatomy
- The iliac crest is the ridge-like superior edge of the ilium.
- The hip bone articulates with the sacral region of the vertebral column.
- The pubic tubercles can be palpated on the anterior surface near the midline.
- The posterior inferior iliac spines are not the hip bone projections felt on the hips.
- The ischial spine projects from the greater sciatic notch.
Tibia and Fibula
- The patellar surface is a landmark found on the anterior surface of the femur.
- The head of the femur forms part of the hip joint.
- The femur is particularly susceptible to fractures at the neck.
- The trochanter is a unique landmark of the femur.
- The linea aspera is found on the diaphysis of the femur.
- The head of the femur is positioned medial and proximal to the body.
Ankle and Foot
- The superior surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with the femur.
- The fibula is the bone located lateral to the tibia.
- The medial malleolus is a noticeable bump on the medial surface of the ankle.
- The femur articulates with the proximal end of the tibia.
- The tibial tuberosity is found on the anterior surface of the tibia.
Miscellaneous
- Surgical removal of the mastoid process may lead to impaired head and neck movements.
- Fetal vertebrae develop through endochondral ossification from a hyaline cartilage model.
- A cleft palate arises from the failure of the right and left maxillae bones to fuse during fetal development.
- Isch- refers to the hip joint, while supra- means above or higher.
- Inter- indicates between or among, and meta- suggests after or behind.
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