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Questions and Answers
What are the functions of the muscular system?
What type of muscle is attached to the bones and is voluntary?
Skeletal muscle
What are the characteristics of muscles?
Contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity
Muscles only pull; never push.
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What is the origin of a muscle?
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What is the insertion of a muscle?
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What does an antagonist muscle do?
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What are the primary sources of energy needed for muscle contraction?
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There are 656 muscles in your body.
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Muscle fatigue is caused by an accumulation of lactic acid.
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What is muscle atrophy?
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What is hypertrophy?
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Match the muscular terms with their definitions:
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The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
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The intercostals are found between ribs and help us breathe.
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There are 327 antagonist muscles in the body.
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What is the role of the gastrocnemius muscle?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Muscular System
- Facilitates all body movements, providing shape and support.
- Generates the majority of body heat through metabolic activity.
Types of Muscle
- Skeletal Muscle: Striated and voluntary, attaches to bones, allowing conscious movements.
- Smooth (Visceral) Muscle: Non-striated and involuntary, consists of a single nucleus, found in internal organs.
- Cardiac Muscle: Striated, branched, and unique to the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
Muscle Characteristics
- Contractility: Ability to shorten and produce movement.
- Excitability: Responsive to stimuli, similar to nerve cells.
- Extensibility: Capability of being stretched without injury.
- Elasticity: Returns to original length after stretching.
Muscle Mechanics
- Muscles work by pulling; they do not push.
- Origin: Fixed attachment of a muscle, less movable during contraction.
- Insertion: Moveable attachment of a muscle, exhibits most movement during contraction.
- Antagonist: Muscle that opposes the action of another (e.g., triceps vs. biceps).
- Synergist: Muscle that assists in steadying movement.
- Prime Mover: Main muscle responsible for a specific movement.
Energy Sources for Muscle Contraction
- Needs include glucose, oxygen, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
- ATP is the primary energy source, also aids in lactic acid breakdown.
Aging and Muscle
- Aging results in muscle strength loss, energy depletion, and increased fatigue.
- Muscle fatigue arises from lactic acid accumulation due to metabolism.
Muscle Tone and Size Changes
- Muscle Tone: Constant slight contraction readiness.
- Atrophy: Muscle shrinkage due to disuse.
- Hypertrophy: Muscle size increase from regular use.
Number of Muscles
- Total of 656 muscles in the human body.
- 327 are classified as antagonistic pairs.
Notable Muscles and Their Functions
- Orbicularis Oris: Controls lip movement.
- Diaphragm: Key muscle in the breathing process.
- Gluteus Maximus: Major muscle for leg movement.
- Gastrocnemius: Engages in pointing the toes and bending the knee.
Impact of Exercise and Therapy
- Regular exercise enhances muscle strength, efficiency, and circulation.
- Therapies such as massage promote muscle relaxation, while electrical stimulation utilizes currents for muscle health.
Muscle Injuries and Disorders
- Muscle Strain: Results from a tear in muscle tissue.
- Muscle Spasm: Involuntary contraction leading to cramping.
- Myalgia: Refers to muscle pain; fibromyalgia is a symptom cluster involving muscle discomfort.
- Dystonia: Involuntary muscle contractions causing abnormal movements or postures.
- Hernia: Protrusion of an organ through muscle, commonly abdominal or inguinal.
Muscle Physiology
- Sphincter Muscle: Controls passage through circular openings in the body.
- Motor Unit: Consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls.
- Lactic Acid: Byproduct of muscle contraction, which can cause cramps and fatigue when excessive.
Notable Muscular Structures
- Cardiac Muscle Cells: Specialized cardiac muscle cells feature intercalated discs for efficient contraction.
- Smooth Muscle: Capable of narrowing blood vessels to regulate blood flow.
- Intercostal Muscles: Located between the ribs, assist in the breathing process.
General Muscle Facts
- Diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities.
- External obliques involve in flexing the spinal column and abdominal compression.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the muscular system with these flashcards from Chapter 7! Learn about the functions of the muscular system, different types of muscle tissues, and their characteristics. Perfect for quick revision and reinforcing your understanding of this essential body system.
