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Questions and Answers
What is the primary enclosure of an animal?
What is the primary enclosure of an animal?
Why is proper ventilation important in animal housing units?
Why is proper ventilation important in animal housing units?
What does the term 'social environment' of an animal primarily refer to?
What does the term 'social environment' of an animal primarily refer to?
Why is understanding a species' normal social behavior crucial for group housing planning?
Why is understanding a species' normal social behavior crucial for group housing planning?
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What aspect should be considered when planning animal environments to allow for normal play and hunting behaviors?
What aspect should be considered when planning animal environments to allow for normal play and hunting behaviors?
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Why is the optimal level of factors for animal housing not the same for all species?
Why is the optimal level of factors for animal housing not the same for all species?
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What do animals need to maintain consistent conditions in their environment?
What do animals need to maintain consistent conditions in their environment?
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Which factor can affect the metabolism and behavior of animals?
Which factor can affect the metabolism and behavior of animals?
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What is considered crucial for the 'social environment enrichment program' in animal housing?
What is considered crucial for the 'social environment enrichment program' in animal housing?
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How can the length of confinement influence primary enclosure type?
How can the length of confinement influence primary enclosure type?
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Study Notes
Animal Welfare and Ethical Considerations
- Animal Welfare Act (Republic Act No. 8485) aims to protect and enhance the welfare of all animals in the Philippines, overseeing breeding, treatment, and training facilities.
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Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare:
- Freedom from hunger and thirst.
- Freedom from discomfort.
- Freedom from pain, injury, or disease.
- Freedom to express normal behavior.
- Freedom from fear and distress.
Ethical Guidelines in Animal Research
- Animals possess moral status, necessitating ethical treatment.
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Three Rs Principles:
- Replace: Use non-animal models or primitive invertebrates when possible.
- Reduce: Limit the number of animals to the essential minimum.
- Refine: Implement techniques to lessen animal distress, such as positive reinforcement and improved care methods.
Common Diseases in Laboratory Animals
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Mice:
- Paratyphoid Infection (Salmonella typhimurium): Characterized by diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration. Diagnosed through culture from feces or necropsy.
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Rats:
- Susceptible to chronic respiratory diseases and bacterial pneumonia.
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Guinea Pigs:
- Commonly affected by paratyphoid infection (Salmonella enteritidis) and fibrinous pneumonia.
Specific Animal Diseases
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Mice - Paratyphoid Infection:
- Symptoms: Diarrhea, weight loss, lethargy, and rough fur.
- Treatment: Antibiotics like Enrofloxacin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole based on testing.
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Guinea Pig - Fibrinous Pneumonia:
- Caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica or Streptococcus species; symptoms include respiratory distress and nasal discharge.
- Treatment: Antibiotics and supportive care.
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Guinea Pig - Cervical Lymphadenitis:
- Common bacterial infection leading to swollen lymph nodes; caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus.
Nutritional Management of Laboratory Animals
- Essential for maintaining animal health and ensuring credible research findings.
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Factors Influencing Nutritional Needs:
- Genetics: Variations among species/individuals impact nutrient requirements.
- Life Stage: Nutritional requirements change with growth, pregnancy, or lactation.
- Environmental Conditions: Modifications in the environment can alter nutritional needs.
- Microbial Activity: Gut microorganisms produce significant metabolites affecting nutrition.
- Research Conditions: Stress from experimental procedures may alter feeding behaviors and intake.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Animal Welfare Act (Republic Act No. 8485) in the Philippines and ethical considerations regarding animal welfare. Explore topics like the purpose of the act and the 5 Freedoms of Animal Welfare.
