Animal Nutrition Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the science of nutrition?

  • Management of feed supplies
  • The study of animal behavior
  • The composition and amount of feeds and their effects on animal performance (correct)
  • The environmental impact of livestock farming
  • Which component of nutrition is primarily responsible for energy supply in cattle?

  • Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (correct)
  • Enzymes
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
  • How do vitamins function in the body according to nutritional science?

  • As a source of energy
  • To control the body's mechanisms (correct)
  • As structural components only
  • To aid in digestion exclusively
  • What role do nutrients play in the body's structure?

    <p>They are components of structures like bones and flesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is NOT typically categorized as providing energy reserves?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is primarily used as a source of energy and can be metabolized into fat for storage?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal calcium to phosphorus ratio in livestock diets?

    <p>1:1 or 2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an essential nutrient involved in regulating metabolic processes?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in animal nutrition?

    <p>Transport of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a micromineral required by animals?

    <p>Cobalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amino acids must be supplied through the diet?

    <p>Essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in livestock nutrition?

    <p>Source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive protein allowance in livestock diets should not exceed what percentage?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the transfer of substances from the gastrointestinal tract to the circulatory system?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feed component is particularly rich in protein and is considered expensive to include in diets?

    <p>Soybean Oil Meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition

    • Nutrition is the science of feeds, their nutritional composition, how animals digest and metabolize nutrients for optimal performance.
    • Nutrients are used for building body structures, providing energy, controlling body functions, and milk production.

    Food Sources for Basic Nutrients

    • Energy: Cassava, Corn Bran, Corn Grit, Molasses, Oil, Rice Bran, Sorghum, Tallow
    • Protein: Blood Meal, Copra Meal, Corn Gluten, Fish Meal, Hydrolyzed Feather Meal, Ipil-ipil Meal, Meat and Bone Meal, Soybean Oil Meal, Pollard
    • Minerals: Ground Limestone, Oyster Shell, Salt, Steamed Bone Meal, Dicaphos Tricaphos

    Feed Nutrients

    • Carbohydrates (CHO): Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide
    • Water: Essential for digestion, nutrient transport, and temperature regulation.
    • Fats: Saturated and Unsaturated fats.
    • Minerals: Macrominerals and Microminerals.
    • Proteins: Essential Amino Acids and Non-Essential Amino Acids.
    • Vitamins: Fat-soluble and Water-soluble vitamins.

    General Nutrient Uses

    • Energy: Source of energy for the body.
    • Synthesis: Used to create new tissues.
    • Repair: Used for repairing old tissues.

    Nutrient Groups and Their Functions

    • Water: Solvent, nutrient transport, waste excretion, temperature regulation, joint lubrication, cerebrospinal fluid component.
    • Lipids: Concentrated energy source, provide essential fatty acids, transport fat-soluble vitamins, provide heat insulation and protection, structural component of tissues (brain and liver).
    • Carbohydrates: Metabolized for energy, converted into glycogen (animal starch), stored as energy.
    • Vitamins: Organic nutrients regulating metabolic processes, prevent deficiency symptoms (e.g., Thiamine deficiency causes beri-beri, Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets etc.)
    • Proteins: Most expensive nutrient in animal diets, build body structures (collagen, elastin, keratin), essential for metabolism (hormones, enzymes), excess protein is used as energy.
    • Minerals: Inorganic nutrients, classified as Macrominerals (Ca, P, Na, Cl, K, Mg, S) and Microminerals (Co, Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn, Ni, Cr).

    Basic Nutrient Requirements

    • Nutritive Allowance: Should be no less than 3% below the minimum requirement.
    • Protein Allowance: 5-10% excess is acceptable if protein feeds are affordable.
    • Carotene: Large excess is not harmful.
    • Energy Allowance: Should not exceed 5% of the requirement.
    • Ca:P Ratio: 1:1 or 2:1
    • Vitamin A: Should be evaluated as needed.
    • Dry Matter Requirement: Should not exceed 3% in full-fed animals.

    Beef Cattle Mineral Requirements

    • Salt: 0.25-0.50% of the diet or 0.005 – 0.01% of the animal’s body weight.
    • Calcium (Ca) & Phosphorus (P) by Stage:
      • Growing: 0.24-0.54% Ca, 0.20-0.39% P.
      • Pregnant: 0.15% Ca, 0.15% P.
      • Lactating: 0.26% Ca, 0.21% P.

    Other Beef Cattle Mineral Requirements

    • Cobalt (Co): 0.05-0.10 mg/kg feed.
    • Copper (Cu): 4-5 mg/kg diet, 12-30 mg/kg body weight/day.
    • Magnesium (Mg): 0.6-0.8%.
    • Potassium (K): 0.1% of the diet.
    • Sulfur (S): 80mg/kg of the diet.
    • Iron (Fe): 0.2mg/kg air dry diet.
    • Iodine (I): Requirement should be evaluated based on the animal’s needs.
    • Prehension: Taking in of feed or water.
    • Mastication: Reducing feed particle size, generally by chewing.
    • Deglutition: Act of swallowing.
    • Regurgitation: Casting up of undigested material.
    • Digestion: Breakdown of feed particles into products that can be absorbed. Includes:
      • Mechanical forces
      • Chemical action
      • Enzymatic activity
    • Absorption: Transfer of substances from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the circulating blood or lymph system.
    • Anabolism: Growth or building process.

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    Description

    Explore the essentials of animal nutrition, including the science behind nutrient composition and digestion. This quiz covers key food sources for proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals crucial for optimal animal performance.

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