Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common form of malnutrition in pets?
What is the most common form of malnutrition in pets?
Which factor is NOT considered an animal-specific factor affecting nutrition?
Which factor is NOT considered an animal-specific factor affecting nutrition?
What should be assessed at every veterinary visit according to recommendations?
What should be assessed at every veterinary visit according to recommendations?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect feeding management?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect feeding management?
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What dietary management strategy may be useful for households with multiple pets?
What dietary management strategy may be useful for households with multiple pets?
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What method should be used to assess body condition in patients according to the provided guidelines?
What method should be used to assess body condition in patients according to the provided guidelines?
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What feeding method is recommended if a hospitalized patient has not eaten for 3-5 days?
What feeding method is recommended if a hospitalized patient has not eaten for 3-5 days?
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Who prescribes prescription diets for pets with medical conditions?
Who prescribes prescription diets for pets with medical conditions?
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Which of the following is NOT a method to increase food intake for hospitalized patients?
Which of the following is NOT a method to increase food intake for hospitalized patients?
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What should you ensure clients understand regarding prescription diets?
What should you ensure clients understand regarding prescription diets?
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What is the minimum percentage of organic ingredients required for a food labeled as 'organic'?
What is the minimum percentage of organic ingredients required for a food labeled as 'organic'?
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Which statement about organic foods is accurate?
Which statement about organic foods is accurate?
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What does a label stating 'made with organic' indicate?
What does a label stating 'made with organic' indicate?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for organic livestock?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for organic livestock?
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Which type of pet food is generally considered less expensive on a calorie per dollar basis?
Which type of pet food is generally considered less expensive on a calorie per dollar basis?
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What is a nutraceutical?
What is a nutraceutical?
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What is a potential risk associated with raw food diets for pets?
What is a potential risk associated with raw food diets for pets?
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What is the main reason why many clients may prefer alternative diets?
What is the main reason why many clients may prefer alternative diets?
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What organization establishes standards for pet food in the United States?
What organization establishes standards for pet food in the United States?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of a pet food label?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a pet food label?
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What does a nutritional adequacy statement indicate about a pet food?
What does a nutritional adequacy statement indicate about a pet food?
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How must a pet food achieve the claim of providing complete and balanced nutrition?
How must a pet food achieve the claim of providing complete and balanced nutrition?
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What do terms like 'Premium' and 'Gourmet' on a pet food label indicate?
What do terms like 'Premium' and 'Gourmet' on a pet food label indicate?
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What is the purpose of the FDA regarding pet food claims?
What is the purpose of the FDA regarding pet food claims?
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Natural ingredients in pet food must meet which of the following criteria?
Natural ingredients in pet food must meet which of the following criteria?
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When analyzing a pet food label, what does the Guaranteed Analysis provide information about?
When analyzing a pet food label, what does the Guaranteed Analysis provide information about?
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What is the main purpose of Hill's Prescription Diet a/d?
What is the main purpose of Hill's Prescription Diet a/d?
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Which diet is formulated to manage arthritis and mobility issues in pets?
Which diet is formulated to manage arthritis and mobility issues in pets?
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Which of the following diets is designed for managing feline hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following diets is designed for managing feline hyperthyroidism?
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What is a characteristic of Purina's DM diet for diabetic management?
What is a characteristic of Purina's DM diet for diabetic management?
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What is the primary function of the t/d diet from Hill's Prescription Diet?
What is the primary function of the t/d diet from Hill's Prescription Diet?
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Which of these diets is specifically aimed at reducing struvite crystal formation in pets?
Which of these diets is specifically aimed at reducing struvite crystal formation in pets?
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What nutrients are emphasized in the m/d diet for weight management?
What nutrients are emphasized in the m/d diet for weight management?
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What is the unique feature of the z/d ultra diet?
What is the unique feature of the z/d ultra diet?
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Study Notes
Animal Feed Safety
- AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) sets standards for pet foods in the U.S.
- PFI (Pet Food Institute) represents 95% of pet food companies in the U.S., lobbies Congress, and sponsors food research.
- FDA evaluates claims of disease treatment made by pet food manufacturers.
Reading the Label
- AAFCO statement validates nutritional adequacy.
- Ingredients list includes raw materials used in the food (e.g., chicken, corn).
- Guaranteed Analysis provides minimum and maximum percentages of nutrients in the final product (protein, fat, fiber, moisture). Products not claiming to provide these components are exempt.
Nutritional Adequacy Statement
- Indicates if a food is complete and balanced for a specific life stage.
- Example: "ABC Dog Food is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles for growth."
- "Formulated" implies a calculation based on nutrient profiles.
- Doesn't guarantee bioavailability or digestibility of nutrients.
Understanding Nutritional Adequacy Statements
- Example: "Animal feeding tests using AAFCO procedures substantiate that ABC Dog Food provides complete and balanced nutrition for growth."
- Complete diet: contains all necessary nutrients in bioavailable form.
- Balanced diet: nutrient amounts are in correct proportion to calories.
- Food must meet an AAFCO nutrient profile or pass an AAFCO feeding trial.
Pet Food Label Terminology
- Terms like "Premium," "Super Premium," and "Gourmet" don't guarantee higher quality ingredients or nutritional standards.
- AAFCO definition of "natural": ingredients cannot be produced by or subjected to chemical synthetic processes. Derived from plant, animal, or mined sources.
- FDA hasn't defined "natural" for human food labeling, relying on the requirement that labeling be truthful and non-misleading.
- "Natural" is distinct from "organic."
- Organic foods must meet USDA National Organic Program (NOP) production and handling requirements.
Organic Foods
- Organic crops must be grown on land free from synthetic pesticides for three years.
- Organic livestock eats organic feed, doesn't receive antibiotics or growth hormones, and has access to the outdoors.
- Certified organic foods display a USDA organic seal and must be at least 95% organic.
- USDA doesn't consider organic foods safer, healthier, or more nutritious than conventionally produced foods.
- Four levels of organic food:
- 100% Organic: All ingredients are organic.
- Organic: 95% of ingredients are organic.
- Made with Organic: 70-95% of ingredients are organic.
- Less than 70% Organic: Less than 30% of ingredients are organic.
Choosing Pet Food
- National name brands generally offer greater consistency.
- Choose food appropriate for the pet's species and life stage (e.g., large breed puppy, senior cat).
- Dry or canned foods are preferred; semi-moist products are high in sugar.
- Dry foods are about 1/3 cheaper per calorie.
Alternative Diets
- Some clients prefer non-commercial food options.
- Research is crucial to ensure adequate nutrition.
- Ingredients may be difficult to find.
- Time-consuming and costly.
- Options include homemade diets and raw food diets (raw meat, bones, vegetables; no grains; risk of foodborne pathogens).
Supplements and Nutraceuticals
- Vitamin and mineral supplements may not be necessary with good quality diets. Choose balanced supplements.
- Nutraceutical: product derived from food sources that provides additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
- AAHA recommendation: assess nutritional status and provide dietary recommendations on every visit.
Factors Affecting Nutrition
- Animal-specific factors: species, age, activity level, disease condition.
- Diet-specific factors: formulation, nutritional quality, type (dry, canned), freshness.
- Feeding management/environmental factors: frequency, time of feeding, location, other pets. Microchip pet feeders can be helpful.
Nutritional History
- Signalment: species, age, sex (intact vs. sterilized), breed.
- Dietary habits: 24-hour diet, regular diet, feeding frequency, meal size, snacks, treats, supplements, recent changes in diet or appetite.
- Activity level: indoor/outdoor, fenced yard, free roaming, leashed, other pets.
- Medical/Surgical/Reproductive/Trauma history
- Systems review: gastrointestinal problems, dental conditions, skin conditions.
Weight and Body Condition Scoring
- Record weight on every visit.
- Use a standard BCS system to assess body condition (e.g., BFI is becoming increasingly prevalent).
- Note muscle condition as well (no standardized system available).
Nutrition in Hospitalized Patients
- Monitor weight, fluid intake, and food intake daily.
- Increase food intake by offering familiar, favorite, or varied foods, warming food, or having the owner offer food.
- Consider syringe feeding.
- Feeding tube for animals not eating for 3-5 days.
- Parenteral feeding (IV) for intensive care patients.
Prescription Diets
- Part of the treatment plan for medical conditions.
- Prescribed by veterinarians, not over-the-counter.
- Specific formulations for specific conditions.
- Become familiar with products used in your practice.
- Explain the reason for the diet and provide specific feeding instructions and a scoop.
Client Recommendations
- Feed high-quality pet food.
- Provide guidelines for amount and frequency of feeding.
- Offer snack recommendations.
- Ensure plenty of fresh water.
Hill's Prescription Diets
- a/d: recovery diet for sick or hospitalized pets. High fat, high palatability, canned only.
- c/d: reduces struvite crystal/stone formation. Promotes acidic urine pH (6.2-6.4), canned and dry.
- i/d: low fat GI restore, manages complex GI disorders (e.g., pancreatitis). High omega-3 fatty acids, prebiotics, low fat, canned and dry.
- j/d: manages arthritis/mobility issues. High in fatty acids, glucosamine chondroitin added, canned and dry.
- m/d: diabetes mellitus and obesity. Low calorie, low carb, high fiber, high protein, high L-carnitine, canned and dry (cats only).
- t/d: oral health. Fiber matrix scrubs tooth surface, dry only.
- w/d: weight management, GI disorders, diabetes mellitus, urolithiasis. High fiber, canned and dry.
- y/d: feline hyperthyroidism. Restores thyroid health in 3 weeks, must be the sole source of nutrition, no medication needed, limited iodine levels.
- z/d ultra: food allergies and GI disorders. Hydrolyzed protein system, highly digestible proteins, carbs, and fats, no animal proteins, helpful for IBD, food allergies can present as dermatitis or otitis externa, canned and dry.
Hill's Science Diet
- Non-prescription wellness diets.
- Some have similar purposes to prescription diets.
Royal Canin Diets
- Breed-specific diets.
- Prescription diets similar to Hill's.
- Wellness diets.
Purina Diets
- DM: diabetic management (cats only). High protein, low carbs, high Vitamin E, canned and dry.
- EN: gastrointestinal formula. Highly digestible, moderate fat, low fiber, increased antioxidants E and C, canned and dry.
- OM: overweight management. Low fat/calorie, high protein/fiber, canned and dry.
- NF: kidney function. Low phosphorus, protein, and sodium, target urine pH 6.7-7.5, canned and dry.
Purina Products: FortiFlora
- Probiotic supplement.
- Promotes intestinal health and balance, and a healthy immune system.
- High levels of antioxidants.
- Contains live active cultures.
- Use for boarding, diet change, soft stools, antibiotic therapy, weakened immune system due to vaccines or treatment.
- Dogs and cats.
- Powder sprinkled on food.
- Great palatability.
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Description
Test your knowledge on animal feed safety and the standards set by AAFCO, FDA, and PFI. This quiz covers pet food labeling, nutritional adequacy statements, and the importance of reading ingredient lists. Understand how to ensure proper nutrition for pets through informed choices.
