Animal Biology Concepts and Diversity

Basic unit of life, specialized into tissues.

Groups of similar cells working together for a function.

Structures made of different tissues performing specific functions.

Groups of organs working together in major physiological processes.

Sheetlike layers of cells covering surfaces and lining cavities.

Supports and connects different body tissues, includes extracellular matrix.

Exists in three forms: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, responsible for movement.

Contains neurons and glial cells, responsible for transmitting signals.

A flexible connective tissue that supports joints and structures.

Connective tissue that stores energy and provides insulation.

Tissue that provides strength and elasticity to various structures.

A hard tissue that supports and protects the body while enabling movement.

A cell that transmits nerve impulses and communicates information in the nervous system.

Supportive cells in the nervous system that nourish neurons and maintain homeostasis.

Muscle tissue responsible for voluntary movement and maintaining posture; contains long fibers.

Glands that secrete substances outside the body through ducts, like sweat and saliva.

Regulation of the body's internal environment at stable levels.

A mechanism that returns a variable back to its set point to minimize differences.

Moves a variable away from the set point to quickly increase or decrease a process.

Adjustment of physiology in advance based on anticipated future needs.

Organisms that generate heat from internal physiological sources.

Organisms that rely on external sources for body heat.

Organisms that maintain a constant body temperature.

Organisms that can vary their body temperature between self-regulation and environmental influence.

Reception, Integration, Transmission, Response of neural signals.

A junction where a neuron communicates with another neuron or effector.

Neuron that sends the signal across the synapse.

Neuron that receives the signal at the synapse.

Neurons communicate via neurotransmitters across a synaptic cleft.

Direct electrical connection through gap junctions allowing ion flow.

Chemicals released by neurons to transmit signals across synapses.

A neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contractions and inhibits cardiac muscle.

Stores calcium and maintains low cytoplasmic calcium concentration while calcium concentration inside is high.

Calcium channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum activated by DHPR during muscle contraction.

Voltage-gated calcium channel in T-tubule that interacts with RyR to release calcium during an action potential.

The interaction between myosin heads and actin that enables muscle contraction through a binding and unbinding cycle.

Condition where multiple action potentials lead to sustained muscle contraction, generating more force than a single twitch.

Contains malleus, incus, and stapes bones that transmit sound vibrations.

Passage where sound waves travel to reach the eardrum.

Cells in the retina that convert light into neural signals.

Type of photoreceptor specialized for low-light vision.

Adjustment of the lens shape to focus on near or distant objects.

Receptors for taste and smell that bind to specific molecules.

Wave vibrations caused by compression and decompression of air or water.