Animal and Plant Cell Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What controls what enters and leaves the cell?

Lysosome

Ribosome

Nucleus

Cell membrane (correct)

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Makes lipids for the cell membrane and detoxifies the cell.

What is the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Makes and modifies proteins.

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for export. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

Breaks down large molecules into small ones. Signup and view all the answers

What are microtubules?

Make up the cytoskeleton and provide support. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria?

Produces energy and converts glucose into ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus hold?

Genetic information (DNA). Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes?

Makes proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleolus produce?

Ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is cytoplasm?

A jelly-like material that helps hold organelles in place and is the site for chemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the large, central vacuole store?

Water, salts, and proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall?

Provides support, strength, and rigidity to the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What do chloroplasts do?

Make food for the plant and undergo photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Cell Components

Cell Membrane
- Semipermeable barrier controlling entry and exit of substances
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
- Synthesizes lipids for cell membrane
- Detoxifies harmful metabolic byproducts
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- Studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis and modification
Golgi Apparatus
- Processes, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion
- Involved in the cell’s export activities
Lysosome
- Contains digestive enzymes to break down large macromolecules
- Plays a key role in waste disposal and recycling
Microtubule
- Essential part of the cytoskeleton providing structural support
- Helps in cell shape maintenance and intracellular transport
Mitochondria
- Known as the powerhouse of the cell
- Converts glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for energy
Nucleus
- Central organelle housing genetic material (DNA)
- Regulates cellular activities such as growth and reproduction
Ribosome
- Site of protein synthesis
- Can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the RER
Nucleolus
- Located within the nucleus, responsible for ribosome production
- A dense region crucial for ribosomal RNA synthesis
Cytoplasm
- Gel-like substance filling the cell, allowing organelles to remain in place
- Medium for biochemical reactions and cellular processes
Large Central Vacuole
- Storage center for water, salts, nutrients, and proteins
- Maintains cell turgor pressure in plant cells
Cell Wall
- Rigidity and strength, providing structural support to the plant cell
- Located outside the cell membrane, composed mainly of cellulose
Chloroplast
- Organelles that perform photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy
- Contains chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for green color and light absorption

Description

Explore the essential components of animal and plant cells with this engaging set of flashcards. Each card includes a key term and its definition, helping you understand the functions of various cell structures. Perfect for biology students or anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of cellular biology.