Angioplasty and Stent Quiz

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What could be a symptom of significant narrowing of a heart valve orifice?

Turbulent backflow into the left atrium (correct)

High systolic pressure in the aorta

Hearing abnormal sounds via a stethoscope

Marked decrease in pressure gradient

What is a common method used to assess valvular stenosis?

Taking an X-ray of the valve

Observing the heart rhythm

Counting the number of valve leaflets

Measuring the pressure gradient across the valve (correct)

Which valves in the heart are most commonly replaced with artificial valves?

Pulmonary and tricuspid valves

Aortic and pulmonary valves

Mitral and aortic valves (correct)

Mitral and tricuspid valves

What type of design were early artificial heart valves made of?

Caged ball or tilting disk Signup and view all the answers

How does valve prolapse affect the movement of a mitral valve leaflet during systole?

It displaces the leaflet into the left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method to identify turbulent backflow in the heart?

Listening through a stethoscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended size for surgical intervention to prevent rupture of an AA?

5 cm Signup and view all the answers

In traditional surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm, what is used to reconstruct the aorta?

Synthetic graft Signup and view all the answers

What procedure involves deploying grafts in a minimally invasive manner using cardiac catheterization?

EVAR Signup and view all the answers

What is used to guide and deliver a stent-graft to the site of an aneurysm in endovascular aneurysm repair?

Catheter Signup and view all the answers

How does the stent-graft act once it reaches the site of the aneurysm?

It expands and attaches to the wall of the aorta. Signup and view all the answers

What is plaque made up of that builds up on the inside of artery walls?

Cholesterol deposits Signup and view all the answers

What is used during angioplasty to open blocked vessels and restore proper blood flow?

Balloon Catheter Signup and view all the answers

Why is a stent placed at the site of narrowing or blockage during angioplasty?

To keep the artery open and prevent re-narrowing Signup and view all the answers

What is an aneurysm?

A localized dilatation due to a weakened arterial wall Signup and view all the answers

What is thinner in the aortic media compared to a normal aorta?

The aortic media itself Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients who've had a stent procedure need to take blood thinning agents?

"To reduce the risk of a blood clot developing in the stent and blocking the artery" Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the caged ball valve design?

It is strong and durable Signup and view all the answers

What is the major disadvantage of the caged ball valve design?

It closes with considerable force that can cause hemolysis and thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of creating the tilting disc valve?

To restore the central blood flow that was lost with the ball valve design Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the tilting disc valve design?

It has a single circular disc restrained by metal struts and a ring Signup and view all the answers

What is a major improvement of the tilting disc valve design over the ball valve design?

The angular opening reduces damage to blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of the tilting disc valve design?

The struts tend to fatigue and fracture over long periods of time Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical opening angle for bileaflet prosthetic heart valves?

80° Signup and view all the answers

What materials are commonly used for the annular ring in prosthetic heart valves?

Titanium and stainless steel Signup and view all the answers

Which property is desirable for prosthetic heart valve leaflets?

Strength and durability Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical expected life span of a prosthetic heart valve?

30-40 years Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to evaluate the orifice diameter of the patient before valve implantation?

Echography Signup and view all the answers

What is the next improvement in heart valve design mentioned in the text?

Transcatheter heart valves Signup and view all the answers