Anesthesia Overview: Types and Characteristics

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What is general anesthesia characterized by?

A permanent depression of the CNS resulting in loss of response to all external stimuli

A depression of the CNS resulting in loss of response to some external stimuli

A reversible depression of the CNS resulting in loss of response to all external stimuli (correct)

A stimulation of the CNS resulting in heightened response to all external stimuli

What is the fifth component of a complete anesthetic?

Analgesia

Unresponsiveness

Amnesia

Muscle relaxation (correct)

What is the purpose of an i.v. anesthetic like thiopental in induction?

To maintain surgical anesthesia

To produce unresponsiveness

To produce amnesia

To produce unconsciousness (correct)

What is the period during which the patient is surgically anesthetized called?

Maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the pioneering use of anesthetics in dentistry?

Horace Wells and William T.G. Morton Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Halothane, Isoflurane, Enflurane, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane?

Inhalational volatile liquids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using general anesthesia in dental treatment?

To facilitate treatment in patients with anxiety or challenging behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nitrous oxide in the delivery of medical and dental anesthesia?

It is a widely used inhalation anesthetic Signup and view all the answers

When was there an upsurge in the use of nitrous oxide for providing relief from anxiety?

Since the late 1950s Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pre-medication in anesthesia?

To provide relief from anxiety and induce sedation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pre-medication on gastric secretions?

It decreases the volume and acidity of gastric secretions Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using nitrous oxide in inhalation anesthesia?

It reduces the concentration of volatile anesthetics Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using benzodiazepines as pre-medicants?

They relieve anxiety without significant effects on respiration or cardiovascular function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of opioid analgesics?

Respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of antimuscarinics on the respiratory system?

Inhibition of salivation and respiratory tract secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antihistamines is effective in reducing gastric secretion and acidity?

Cimetidine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of scopolamine on the central nervous system?

Sedation and amnesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of glycopyrrolate over atropine?

It is less likely to induce tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering metoclopramide to patients undergoing general anesthesia?

To speed up gastric emptying Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using neuromuscular blockers as anesthetic adjuvants?

They allow surgery under light general anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of antiemetic?

Muscle relaxants Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of general anesthesia on the protective reflexes that prevent aspiration?

They are eliminated Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?

They bind to the nicotinic receptor, causing muscle relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of using nitrous oxide in dental anesthesia?

It reduces anxiety and pain Signup and view all the answers