Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true about anesthetics with high blood:gas Partition coefficient?
Which of the following is true about anesthetics with high blood:gas Partition coefficient?
What determines the potency of an anesthetic?
What determines the potency of an anesthetic?
What is the relationship between lipid solubility and MAC of an anesthetic?
What is the relationship between lipid solubility and MAC of an anesthetic?
Which of the following anesthetics is likely to have a faster speed of induction?
Which of the following anesthetics is likely to have a faster speed of induction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the blood:gas Partition coefficient in anesthesia?
What is the significance of the blood:gas Partition coefficient in anesthesia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an advantage of anesthetics with high lipid solubility?
Which of the following is an advantage of anesthetics with high lipid solubility?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to anesthetic agents with low solubility in blood?
What happens to anesthetic agents with low solubility in blood?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is TRUE about anesthetic agents with high blood solubility?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about anesthetic agents with high blood solubility?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of high blood solubility on the speed of induction and recovery?
What is the effect of high blood solubility on the speed of induction and recovery?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be said about Halothane's speed of induction and recovery?
What can be said about Halothane's speed of induction and recovery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between an anesthetic agent's blood solubility and its potency?
What is the relationship between an anesthetic agent's blood solubility and its potency?
Signup and view all the answers
How do anesthetic agents with low blood solubility affect the speed of induction and recovery?
How do anesthetic agents with low blood solubility affect the speed of induction and recovery?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of barbiturate has the fastest onset of action?
Which type of barbiturate has the fastest onset of action?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for the rapid onset of action of ultrashort-acting barbiturates?
What is the primary reason for the rapid onset of action of ultrashort-acting barbiturates?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of barbiturate has the shortest duration of action?
Which type of barbiturate has the shortest duration of action?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of lipid solubility on the onset of action of barbiturates?
What is the effect of lipid solubility on the onset of action of barbiturates?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of barbiturate has the lowest lipid solubility?
Which type of barbiturate has the lowest lipid solubility?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of the distribution of barbiturates to fat tissue on their recovery?
What is the effect of the distribution of barbiturates to fat tissue on their recovery?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Anesthetic Agents
- Suppress synaptic transmission by inhibiting Na+ and Ca2+ channels and opening K+ channels
- Side effects: Depression of respiratory and Cardiovascular system, painful tissue irritation, slow recovery, and increase liver metabolism of other drugs
Barbiturates
- Ultrashort-acting barbiturates: Thiopental, Methohexital
- Lipid soluble, cross the blood-brain barrier, rapid onset, and short duration of action (10-30 minutes)
- Therapeutic uses: Induction of general anesthesia, short duration anesthesia in dogs and cats
- Short-acting barbiturates: Pentobarbital
- Less lipid soluble, longer duration of action (30-60 minutes)
- Therapeutic uses: Euthanasia, seizure control (anticonvulsant)
- Long-acting barbiturates: Phenobarbital
- Least lipid soluble, slowest onset, and long duration of action (6-12 hours)
- Therapeutic uses: Anticonvulsant
Cyclohexylamines (Ketamine)
- Produce dissociative anesthesia (analgesia and superficial sleep)
Inhalant Anesthetics
- Provide little to no analgesia, respiratory and cardiovascular depressants, and cause hypotension
- Agents with low solubility in blood: quick saturation, fast induction, and recovery
- Agents with high blood solubility: slow saturation, slow induction, and recovery
- Examples:
- Halothane
- Widely used in Veterinary Medicine
- Used to maintain anesthesia following induction with an injectable agent
- Licensed for use in most companion animal species
- Pharmacokinetics: moderate blood:gas partition coefficient, moderate speed of induction and recovery
- High oil:gas partition coefficient, low MAC, and high potency
- Adverse effects: CNS depression, cerebral vasodilation, and reduced cardiac output
- Halothane
Tranquilizers
- Provide preoperative sedation
- Examples: Acepromazine, Benzodiazepines (midazolam and Diazepam), a2 agonist (Xylazine)
Anticholinergic Agents
- Advantages: prevent salivation, bradycardia, and cause bronchodilation
- Disadvantages: inhibit Intestinal motility, cause colic in horses, and bloat in ruminants
- Examples: Atropine and glycopyrrolate
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
- Facilitate intubation and relaxation
- Examples: Succinylcholine
Pharmacokinetics of Inhalant Anesthetics
- Lipid solubility: determines potency
- Oil:gas partition coefficient: determines potency
- Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC): measures potency
- Relationship of MAC to lipid solubility: higher lipid solubility, lower MAC, and higher potency
- Solubility in blood (Blood:gas Partition coefficient): determines speed of induction and recovery
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of anesthetic agents, their solubility in blood, and their effects on the body. Learn about the characteristics of different inhalants, including their ability to provide analgesia and their effects on respiration and cardiovascular systems.
