Anesthesia and Inhalants in Veterinary Medicine

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about anesthetics with high blood:gas Partition coefficient?

They have a faster speed of induction (correct)

They have a slower speed of induction

They have a lower potency

They have a higher MAC

What determines the potency of an anesthetic?

Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)

Blood:gas Partition coefficient

oil:gas partition

Lipid solubility (correct)

What is the relationship between lipid solubility and MAC of an anesthetic?

There is no correlation between lipid solubility and MAC

The lower the lipid solubility, the higher the MAC

The higher the lipid solubility, the lower the MAC (correct)

The higher the lipid solubility, the higher the MAC

Which of the following anesthetics is likely to have a faster speed of induction?

Sevoflurane Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the blood:gas Partition coefficient in anesthesia?

It correlates with the speed of induction and recovery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of anesthetics with high lipid solubility?

They have a faster speed of induction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to anesthetic agents with low solubility in blood?

They quickly saturate the blood and speed induction and recovery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anesthetic agents with high blood solubility?

They take a long time to saturate the blood with less drug to diffuse into the tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high blood solubility on the speed of induction and recovery?

It decreases the speed of induction and recovery Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about Halothane's speed of induction and recovery?

It has a moderate speed of induction and recovery Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between an anesthetic agent's blood solubility and its potency?

There is no correlation between the two Signup and view all the answers

How do anesthetic agents with low blood solubility affect the speed of induction and recovery?

They speed up the speed of induction and recovery Signup and view all the answers

Which type of barbiturate has the fastest onset of action?

Ultrashort-acting barbiturates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the rapid onset of action of ultrashort-acting barbiturates?

High lipid solubility Signup and view all the answers

Which type of barbiturate has the shortest duration of action?

Ultrashort-acting barbiturates Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of lipid solubility on the onset of action of barbiturates?

High lipid solubility increases the onset of action Signup and view all the answers

Which type of barbiturate has the lowest lipid solubility?

Long-acting barbiturates Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the distribution of barbiturates to fat tissue on their recovery?

It decreases the speed of recovery Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anesthetic Agents

Suppress synaptic transmission by inhibiting Na+ and Ca2+ channels and opening K+ channels
Side effects: Depression of respiratory and Cardiovascular system, painful tissue irritation, slow recovery, and increase liver metabolism of other drugs

Barbiturates

Ultrashort-acting barbiturates: Thiopental, Methohexital
- Lipid soluble, cross the blood-brain barrier, rapid onset, and short duration of action (10-30 minutes)
- Therapeutic uses: Induction of general anesthesia, short duration anesthesia in dogs and cats
Short-acting barbiturates: Pentobarbital
- Less lipid soluble, longer duration of action (30-60 minutes)
- Therapeutic uses: Euthanasia, seizure control (anticonvulsant)
Long-acting barbiturates: Phenobarbital
- Least lipid soluble, slowest onset, and long duration of action (6-12 hours)
- Therapeutic uses: Anticonvulsant

Cyclohexylamines (Ketamine)

Produce dissociative anesthesia (analgesia and superficial sleep)

Inhalant Anesthetics

Provide little to no analgesia, respiratory and cardiovascular depressants, and cause hypotension
Agents with low solubility in blood: quick saturation, fast induction, and recovery
Agents with high blood solubility: slow saturation, slow induction, and recovery
Examples:
- Halothane
  - Widely used in Veterinary Medicine
  - Used to maintain anesthesia following induction with an injectable agent
  - Licensed for use in most companion animal species
  - Pharmacokinetics: moderate blood:gas partition coefficient, moderate speed of induction and recovery
  - High oil:gas partition coefficient, low MAC, and high potency
  - Adverse effects: CNS depression, cerebral vasodilation, and reduced cardiac output

Tranquilizers

Provide preoperative sedation
Examples: Acepromazine, Benzodiazepines (midazolam and Diazepam), a2 agonist (Xylazine)

Anticholinergic Agents

Advantages: prevent salivation, bradycardia, and cause bronchodilation
Disadvantages: inhibit Intestinal motility, cause colic in horses, and bloat in ruminants
Examples: Atropine and glycopyrrolate

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Facilitate intubation and relaxation
Examples: Succinylcholine

Pharmacokinetics of Inhalant Anesthetics

Lipid solubility: determines potency
Oil:gas partition coefficient: determines potency
Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC): measures potency
Relationship of MAC to lipid solubility: higher lipid solubility, lower MAC, and higher potency
Solubility in blood (Blood:gas Partition coefficient): determines speed of induction and recovery

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Description

Test your knowledge of anesthetic agents, their solubility in blood, and their effects on the body. Learn about the characteristics of different inhalants, including their ability to provide analgesia and their effects on respiration and cardiovascular systems.