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T1 L21: Analgesics, Anaesthetic and Sedative Drugs (JC)
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T1 L21: Analgesics, Anaesthetic and Sedative Drugs (JC)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a naturally occurring opioid?

  • Fentanyl
  • Codeine
  • Morphine (correct)
  • Diamorphine

    • Where are opioid receptors located in the body?

  • Spinal cord posterior horn 1 and 2
  • Periaqueductal grey matter (correct)
  • Pons and midbrain
  • Nucleus raphe magnus

    • What is the main side effect of opioids?

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Miosis
  • Constipation/pruritis
  • Respiratory depression/airway loss (correct)

    • Which drug is used as an antidote for opioid overdose?

    <p>Naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication acts on NMDA receptors and kappa and delta receptors?

    <p>Ketamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

    <p>Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with aspirin overdose?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity/glutathione depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs are local anesthetics?

    <p>Amides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of administration for benzodiazepines?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a definition of analgesia?

    <p>The immediate relief of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the Gate Theory of pain?

    <p>Melzack and Wall proposed the theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of C fibers in pain perception?

    <p>They let pain through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of A delta fibers in pain perception?

    <p>They stimulate inhibitory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of nociceptor C fibers?

    <p>To let pain through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the definition of pain?

    <p>An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the old nun believe about suffering and forgiveness?

    <p>Suffering at the hour of death leads to forgiveness on the Day of Judgement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the Gate Theory of pain?

    <p>Melzack and Wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the main purpose of local anesthetics?

    <p>To provide analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of descending pathways in pain perception?

    <p>They prevent central passage of pain signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following topics does the lecture primarily focus on?

    <p>Analgesia and sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the lecture?

    <p>To provide information about analgesia and sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speaker's profession?

    <p>Retired anaesthetist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long has the speaker been giving this lecture?

    <p>Since 2004</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of analgesia?

    <p>To alleviate pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of anesthesia?

    <p>To balance the effects of analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of opioids in pain management?

    <p>To alleviate pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

    <p>To reduce inflammation and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of analgesia?

    <p>To control pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is responsible for inhibiting pain signals?

    <p>Inhibitory fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of opiate receptors?

    <p>To control pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of C fibers in pain perception?

    <p>To transmit dull, aching pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly used as an analgesic but has a mysterious mechanism of action?

    <p>Paracetamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can cause gastrointestinal erosions, bleeding, and renal impairment as side effects?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly known as heroin and is used as an analgesic in anesthesia?

    <p>Diamorphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when overdosing on paracetamol?

    <p>Liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the main purpose of analgesia?

    <p>To relieve pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the main purpose of anesthesia?

    <p>To induce unconsciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between analgesia and anesthesia?

    <p>Analgesia relieves pain without loss of consciousness, while anesthesia induces unconsciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate way of getting rid of pain caused by appendicitis according to the text?

    <p>Removing the appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of strong opioids?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic teaching about addiction and the use of opiates in hospitals?

    <p>Patients won't get addicted if they need the opiates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of administering opiates for pain control?

    <p>Patient controlled analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adverse side effects of opiates?

    <p>Constipation, confusion, and respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid use?

    <p>Speech depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of putting locks on the drip stands in the hospital wards?

    <p>To prevent theft of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of administration for opioids?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pump mentioned in the text?

    <p>To ensure accurate dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the locks on the medication syringe?

    <p>To prevent theft of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of diamorphine or morphine in the text?

    <p>To treat pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Opioids

    • Endorphins are naturally occurring opioids.
    • Opioid receptors are located in the brain and spinal cord.
    • The main side effect of opioids is respiratory depression.
    • Naloxone is used as an antidote for opioid overdose.
    • Ketamine acts on NMDA receptors and kappa and delta receptors.

    Pain Management

    • NSAIDs work by inhibiting prostaglandins, which reduce pain.
    • Aspirin overdose can cause respiratory alkalosis.
    • GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
    • Local anesthetics are a class of drugs that block pain locally.
    • Benzodiazepines are typically administered orally.

    Pain Perception

    • Analgesia is the relief of pain without loss of consciousness.
    • The Gate Theory of pain proposes that pain is modulated by the spinal cord.
    • C fibers are responsible for transmitting chronic pain signals.
    • A delta fibers transmit acute pain signals.
    • The main purpose of nociceptor C fibers is to detect and transmit pain signals.
    • Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience.

    Pain Theories

    • The Gate Theory of pain was proposed by Melzack and Wall.
    • Local anesthetics are used to block pain locally.
    • Descending pathways inhibit pain signals.

    Lecture Overview

    • The lecture primarily focuses on pain management.
    • The main purpose of the lecture is to educate on pain management and analgesia.
    • The speaker is an anesthesiologist.
    • The speaker has been giving this lecture for 20 years.
    • The main function of analgesia is to relieve pain without loss of consciousness.
    • The main purpose of anesthesia is to induce a state of unconsciousness.

    Opiate Receptors

    • Opiate receptors are responsible for inhibiting pain signals.
    • Opioids play a crucial role in pain management.

    Adverse Effects

    • Some adverse side effects of opiates include respiratory depression, constipation, and nausea.
    • Strong opioids can cause drowsiness and vomiting.
    • Diamorphine or morphine are used as analgesics in anesthesia.

    Administration and Safety

    • Opiates can be administered orally, intravenously, or via a patient-controlled analgesia pump.
    • The purpose of the locks on the medication syringe is to prevent unauthorized access.
    • The purpose of the pump is to allow patients to self-administer analgesics.
    • Paracetamol overdose can cause liver damage.

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    T1 L21. Analgesics, Anaesthetic and Sedative Drugs (JC)(1).ppt

    Description

    Test your knowledge on analgesia, sedation, and local anesthetics with this quiz by Dr. Jim Cooper, an esteemed anesthetist. Explore topics such as definitions, drug choices, mechanisms of action, and potential side effects. Put your understanding to the test and enhance your knowledge in this important medical field.

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